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. 2017 Jun 28;7:4349. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04729-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mmm-derived LAMPs induce IL-1β expression. (A and C) EBL cells were cultured in serum-containing medium and then stimulated with the indicated concentrations of LAMPs for 6 h. Cells and supernatants were respectively harvested and analyzed by real-time PCR and ELISA. (B and D) EBL cells were stimulated with 1 μg/mL Mmm-derived LAMPs for 0, 6, 12, or 24 h (PBS was used as a negative control). The cells and supernatants were respectively harvested and analyzed by real-time PCR and ELISA. Data are presented as the mean and standard deviation of three assays. *p < 0.05 compared with PBS-treated cells. **p < 0.01 compared with PBS-treated cells.