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. 2017 Jun 28;7:4334. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04595-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Serum concentrations of prostaglandins and cytokines in treatment-naïve patients with visceral leishmaniasis. (A) A hierarchical clustering analysis (Ward’s method) was employed to depict the overall expression profile of PGE₂, PGF₂α, LTB₄ and RvD1, as well as the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 in serum from visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients at different timepoints of leishmanicidal therapy and health endemic controls (HC). Fold changes were calculated and statistically significant differences are highlighted in black. (B) Parameters that displayed statistically significant differences between the timepoints tested by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test (after log10 transformation) are shown. Additional details of the comparisons are described in Tables 2 and 4.