Figure 1.

Short-term effects of prenatal stress (PNS) on the placenta and on body weight. PNS reduced placental weight and mRNA expression of the placental barrier enzyme 11β-HSD2. (A) PNS reduced fetal body weight (BW) on gestational day (GD) 20; on postnatal day (PND) 1 PNS increased BW in both female and male offspring. (B) This effect is maintained on PND-7 only in males while differences in BW disappeared on PND-20. Data are shown as mean + SEM; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, main effect of Prenatal Condition.