Fig. 1.

Visualization of left ventricular systolic blood flow using 4D flow CMR in a healthy volunteer (24-year-old man). In a blood flow velocity is displayed by color-coded vector glyph representation. Direction and velocity magnitude are presented by vector size and color. In b a streamline representation is presented and c shows a pathline representation. Isosurfaces can be used to display flow structures with a common property, such as vorticity. In d a ring-shape vortex is displayed in late diastolic LV filling in the same volunteer. Vortex extraction is performed using Eulerian vortex core analysis. The vortex ring is displayed with streamlines superimposed. LA left atrium, LV left ventricle, Ao aorta