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. 2017 Jan 20;45(7):1758–1769. doi: 10.1007/s10439-017-1797-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Validation of physiological response of the perivascular stroma to endocrine cues. (a) Schematic of the experimental design of the co-culture device. (b) Bright field image of co-culture with stromal cells directly cultured with oestradiol (E2) alone for 14 days. (c) Schematic of the stimulation settings of the co-culture device with E2 and MPA with the corresponding changes of morphology for the stroma from fibroblast-like to cuboidal shape, characteristic of the decidualized cells. (d) Bright field image with stroma cells cultured with E2 + MPA for additional 14 days shows morphological changes (×10). (e) Prolactin (PRL) production measured by ELISA increases over time under the influence of E2 + MPA, but not when cultured with E2 only (p < 0.05).