Table 5.
Adjusted pooled hazard ratios (pHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between cigarette smoking and overall survival among 9,114 women from 19 studies diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer, overall and for serous ovarian tumors, according to length of follow-up since ovarian cancer diagnosis
| Length of follow-up
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <5 years
|
>5 – <10 years
|
>10 years
|
|||||||
| Cases | pHR1 | 95% CI | Cases | pHR1 | 95% CI | Cases | pHR1 | 95% CI | |
| Overall epithelial ovarian cancer | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Smoking status | 9,114 | 4,308 | 1,419 | ||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Never | 4,966 | 1.00 | Ref. | 2,425 | 1.00 | Ref. | 775 | 1.00 | Ref. |
|
| |||||||||
| Former | 2,900 | 1.10 | (1.02–1.18) | 1,303 | 1.09 | (0.95–1.25) | 425 | 1.66 | (1.14–2.42) |
|
| |||||||||
| Current | 1,248 | 1.17 | (1.08–1.29) | 580 | 1.13 | (0.90–1.41) | 219 | 2.54 | (1.27–5.09) |
|
| |||||||||
| Cigarette consumption (per day) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Per 5 cigarettes/day2 | 1.01 | (0.99–1.03) | 1.01 | (0.96–1.05) | 1.09 | (0.95–1.25) | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Duration of smoking before diagnosis (years) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Per 5-year period2 | 1.02 | (1.00–1.04) | 1.00 | (0.97–1.04) | 1.03 | (0.95–1.12) | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Time from cessation to diagnosis (years) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Per 5-year period3 | 0.97 | (0.95–1.00) | 0.97 | (0.92–1.02) | 0.90 | (0.75–1.07) | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Serous ovarian tumors | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Smoking status | 5,455 | 2,117 | 583 | ||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Never | 2,899 | 1.00 | Ref. | 1,173 | 1.00 | Ref. | 310 | 1.00 | Ref. |
|
| |||||||||
| Former | 1,829 | 1.12 | (1.04–1.20) | 662 | 1.09 | (0.93–1.29) | 183 | 1.93 | (1.15–3.23) |
|
| |||||||||
| Current | 727 | 1.11 | (1.00–1.23) | 282 | 1.02 | (0.80–1.31) | 90 | 1.88 | (0.90–3.93) |
|
| |||||||||
| Cigarette consumption (per day) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Per 5 cigarettes/day2 | 1.00 | (0.98–1.02) | 1.00 | (0.94–1.05) | 1.04 | (0.91–1.19) | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Duration of smoking before diagnosis (years) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Per 5-year period2 | 1.01 | (0.99–1.04) | 1.00 | (0.96–1.04) | 0.99 | (0.88–1.12) | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Time from cessation to diagnosis (years) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Per 5-year period3 | 0.98 | (0.94–1.01) | 1.00 | (0.94–1.06) | 0.87 | (0.72–1.05) | |||
1
Adjusted for age (continuous), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, Hispanic White, Black, Asian or other), tumor stage (localized, regional or distant) and grade (well differentiated, moderately differentiated, poorly differentiated or undifferentiated).
2
Among ever smokers.
3
Among former smokers only.