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Comparison of concentrations of elements in different parts of red-skin and healthy ginseng. (A) Calcium (Ca). (B) Magnesium (Mg). (C) Phosphorus (P). (D) Manganese (Mn). (E) Aluminum (Al). (F) Iron (Fe). The epidermis, cortex, and central cylinder were separated from the main root of ginseng. Values are denoted as the mean ± standard deviation; n = 3, p < 0.05. * between the black and white columns indicates a significant difference between healthy and disease ginseng.
