Figure 2.

(a) Free membrane fluctuation spectrum. Simulation parameters are as follows L = 800 nm, k_BT = 4.3 pN·nm, B = 20 pN·nm ~ 5 k_BT, η = 0.06 Poise, time step Δt = 0.5 ns, total simulation time t_total = 1 ms, and λ_min = 20 nm. A simulation snapshot showing fluctuation magnitude and morphology in physics space is plotted as an inset. (b) Entropic repulsive interaction between the fluctuating membrane and the substrate. Simulation parameters are as follows: k_BT = 4.3 pN·nm, B = 20 pN·nm, η = 0.06 Poise, ε_w = 0.043 pN/nm, time step Δt = 0.5 ns, and total simulation time t_total = 0.6 ms. The triad number denotes $\left({\sigma }_w,{\lambda }_{\min },L\right)$ in units of nm.