Table 5.

Phytosterol contents of fermented ginseng seed oil based on extraction conditions

Phytosterol (mg/100g)		Campesterol	Stigmasterol	β-Sitosterol	Sitostanol	Total phytosterol
Compress extraction	Control1)	42.70 ± 0.77e,2)	44.18 ± 4.82c	45.34 ± 0.26c	141.21 ± 0.97d	273.43
	Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1124	54.21 ± 8.33b	41.79 ± 0.30e	41.72 ± 3.54d	146.82 ± 16.13b	284.54
	Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1127	49.11 ± 4.86d	41.84 ± 6.72d	41.37 ± 1.96e	138.51 ± 9.82e	270.83
	Pediococcus pentosaceus LY 011	51.15 ± 4.52c	45.46 ± 0.79b	46.36 ± 2.97a	147.80 ± 7.52a	290.77
	Lactobacillus gasseri KCTC 3162	59.41 ± 9.26a	49.66 ± 1.24a	45.61 ± 0.15b	141.92 ± 18.11c	296.60
Solvent extraction (n-hexane)	Control	56.09 ± 0.47b	55.31 ± 0.89d	148.09 ± 7.00e	151.90 ± 10.12c	411.39
	Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1124	53.33 ± 6.88c	73.76 ± 7.20a	164.98 ± 3.17c	113.57 ± 5.30e	405.64
	Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1127	51.75 ± 7.76e	60.64 ± 6.59c	154.83 ± 10.08d	151.68 ± 0.57d	418.90
	Pediococcus pentosaceus LY 011	52.38 ± 8.61d	64.69 ± 11.2bg	167.48 ± 25.86b	155.90 ± 4.31b	440.45
	Lactobacillus gasseri KCTC 3162	56.95 ± 5.12a	54.68 ± 0.23e	175.77 ± 7.89a	158.32 ± 5.16a	445.72
Supercritical fluid extraction (15 MPa, 65°C)	Control	105.59 ± 18.45d	116.76 ± 4.08e	295.21 ± 1.23e	228.49 ± 34.19e	746.05
	Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1124	90.35 ± 5.15e	156.65 ± 1.46b	386.53 ± 10.44c	241.04 ± 14.76d	874.57
	Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1127	118.22 ± 7.82b	160.72 ± 24.94a	398.91 ± 24.42a	305.73 ± 17.12a	983.58
	Pediococcus pentosaceus LY 011	112.78 ± 2.94c	126.56 ± 12.93d	344.43 ± 7.26d	272.80 ± 4.44c	856.57
	Lactobacillus gasseri KCTC 3162	120.82 ± 3.50a	140.05 ± 7.00c	391.91 ± 4.95b	291.65 ± 10.36b	944.43

KCTC, Korean Collection for Type Cultures; KFRI, Korea Food Research Institute

¹⁾Ginseng seed oil was not fermented

²⁾All values are mean ± standard deviation of triplicate determinations. Means with the same letter in each column are not significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range tests