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. 2017 Jun 23;8:15879. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15879

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(a) Graphical summary of GCaMP6s imaging experiments. (b) Top, bright-field images of the cortical surface before and after stroke (top row). IOS imaging was used to delineate the functional representation of the FLS1 and primary hindlimb somatosensory cortex. Below; images showing GCaMP6s-expressing thalamocortical boutons (numbered 1–18) within boxed regions. Colour montages below show forelimb-evoked changes in GCaMP6s fluorescence (ΔF/F₀) for axonal boutons imaged before stroke and 2–4 weeks later. Plots show calcium responses to forelimb stimulation (ΔF/F₀) within individual boutons at each time point. (c) Graph shows the percentage of forelimb responsive thalamocortical boutons plotted as a function of time after stroke (2,825 boutons were analysed in 6 stroke mice) or sham (1,706 boutons analysed in 4 mice) procedure. (d) Normalized GCaMP6s fluorescence (F₀) in axonal boutons over time. (e) Top, images show mCherry-labelled thalamocortical boutons (numbered 1–4) imaged 1 week apart. Bottom, shows forelimb evoked responses (ΔF/F₀) within each numbered bouton. Note that newly formed boutons (#3, 4) show detectable forelimb-evoked calcium responses. Data are means±s.e.m. ^#P<0.05; ^##P<0.01 based on t-tests comparing BL to each week of recovery. Scale bars, (b) 1 mm (top right), 10 μm (bottom right); (e) 5 μm.