Figure 2. Sex as a biological variable in wildtype phenotypic continuous data when exploring absolute difference in phenotypes.

Exploration of how often sex was significant at explaining variation at a 5% FDR in an individual experiment using IMPC wildtype data for continuous traits. The analysis assessed the role of sex in the trait of interest, at a centre level, as an absolute phenotype since weight was not included as a covariate. For all sections, green indicates the phenotype was greater in the female, magenta indicates the trait was greater in the males, white indicates missing data, and grey indicates there was no significant sex effect. (a) Pie chart showing the proportion of data sets where sex was a significant source of variation (n=903). (b) Comparison of the reproducibility of the sex differences in the traits monitored within the intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test across ten phenotyping centres. (c) Bar graph showing the proportion of data sets where sex was a significant source of variation by procedure. CSD indicates combined SHIRPA and dysmorphology screen, DEXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and PPI: acoustic startle and pre-pulse inhibition. (d) Comparison of the consistency of the role of sex in the traits monitored within the DEXA procedure across ten phenotyping centres. BCM: Baylor College of Medicine, HMGU: Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, ICS: Institut Clinique de la Souris, JAX: The Jackson Laboratory, Harwell: Medical Research Council Harwell, NING: Nanjing University, RBRC: RIKEN BioResource Centre, TCP: The Centre for Phenogenomics, UC Davis: University of California, Davis and WTSI: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.