Table 1.

P. jirovecii colonization in COPD patients

Patients, no.	Diagnostic Sample	Diagnostic Methods	Population	% Colonization	References
50	sputum	IHC stains, IF stains	Patients with chronic bronchial disease	10.0%	[10]
8	BAL	Nested PCR	Patients with COPD	37.5%	[14]
37	BAL and sputum	Nested PCR	Patients with COPD	41%	[12]
23	BAL, sputum, and tracheal aspirates	Touch-down PCR	In-patients with suspected bacterial pneumonia and COPD	43.5%	[15]
23	BAL	Nested PCR	Patients with COPD undergoing bronchoscopy	17.5%	[16]
37	sputum	Nested PCR	Patients with chronic bronchitis	40.5%	[11]
51	Sputum	Nested PCR	COPD	54.9%	[13]
68	Lung resection	Nested PCR	COPD and other lung diseases	19.1%	[8]
50	Sputum	Nested PCR	COPD	16.0%	[17]

Abbreviation: IHC, immunohistochemical; IF, immunofluorescence; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PCR, polymerase chain reaction