Figure 14. Maximum clade credibility tree obtained in Beast for the concatenated alignment of genes for COI, 12S and 16S rRNA sequences from selected Amazona taxa and Pionus menstruus species (as outgroup).

Mean (in bold) ages as well as the 95% highest posterior density distributions (in parenthesis) are shown for particular nodes. CA, Central America parrots; GA, Greater Antillean parrots; LA, Lesser Antillean parrots; SA, South America parrots. The tree was compared with benthic δ¹⁸O curve according to Lisiecki & Raymo (2005) (A), the variance in the δ¹⁸O records (B) and the rate of new lineages’ origin (C). Arrows t₁, t₂ and t₃ in C indicate times in which the speciation rate shifts to a new rate according to the best-fitting yule4rate model.