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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Med Genet. 2017 Feb 27;60(5):250–256. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.02.007

Table 2.

Anthropometric Characteristics in Williams Syndrome and Matched Controls by Age Group

	Age < 18y		Ages 18–30y		Age > 30y
	Williams Syndrome (N=24)	Matched Controls (N=77)	Williams Syndrome (N=21)	Matched Controls (N=56)	Williams Syndrome (N=11)	Matched Controls (N=35)
Height (cm)	135.8 ± 15.4^†	146.1 ± 18.8^†	157.3 ± 8.2^††	169.3 ± 8.2^††	159.0 ± 10.2^††	172.5 ± 9.9^††
Weight (kg)	35.2 ± 13.8^†	45.3 ± 17.3^†	60.4 ± 19.3^†	66.8 ± 13.9^†	85.1 ± 23.1	82.0 ± 16.7
BMI (kg/m²)	18.3 ± 3.8^†	20.5 ± 4.6^†	24.2 ± 7.4	23.2 ± 3.7	33.6 ± 8.3^†	27.5 ± 5.3^†
Percent body fat (%)^**	20.7 ± 7.7^††	31.3 ± 9.0^††	24.8 ± 16.7	28.2 ± 8.7	30.8 ± 7.2	28.8 ± 9.6
Mid-arm circumference (cm)	21.0 ± 5.9^†	24.6 ± 4.7^†	27.6 ± 6.2	29.0 ± 3.9	32.6 ± 4.4	32.9 ± 3.6
Waist circumference (cm)	63.2 ± 10.2^†	71.2 ± 13.1^†	82.1 ± 17.9	83.0 ± 11.6	101.0 ± 21.8	95.9 ± 13.9
Thigh circumference (cm)^*	41.1 ± 8.5^†	46.8 ± 6.3^†	51.4 ± 7.5	50.6 ± 4.5	61.3 ± 8.6^†	54.7 ± 5.6^†

Values are mean±standard deviation. BMI: Body mass index.

^*

Thigh circumference measurements available only for 23 WS and 60 controls age <18y.

^**

Percent body fat available for 21 WS and 56 controls age <18y, 20 WS and 46 controls ages 18–30y, and 10 WS and 26 controls age >30y.

^†

p < 0.05 for comparision between Williams Syndrome and Controls using mixed modeling with pair-match as a random effect.

^††

p < 0.001 for comparison between Williams Syndrome and Controls using mixed modeling with pair-match as a random effect.