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. 2017 May 24;9(6):533. doi: 10.3390/nu9060533

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Changes in phenylacetic ((A) 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid; (B) 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and (C) Homovanillic acid) and phenylpropionic acid ((D) 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid; (E) 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and (F) Hydroferulic acid) derivatives throughout 24-h in vitro batch culture fermentations inoculated with human feces (n = 3 healthy donors) and administrated with Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady as the substrates (treatments). Samples were collected at 0, 5, 10 and 24 h. Results are expressed as ng/mL of batch culture medium and values are mean ± SEM of the three fermentations. * Significant differences (p < 0.05) from the 0 h time point within the same treatment.