Table 3.

SCFA concentrations (mmol/L) throughout 24-h in vitro batch culture fermentations inoculated with human feces (n = 3 healthy donors) and administrated with inulin, cellulose, Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady as the substrates (treatments).

Substrate	Time (h)	Acetic Acid (mmol/L)	p a	Propionic Acid (mmol/L)	p a	Butyric Acid (mmol/L)	p a	Total SCFAs (mmol/L)	p a
Inulin	0	2.2 ± 0.1	0.050	0.8 ± 0.1	0.185	1 ± 0.3	0.013	4.1 ± 0.6	0.049
	5	9.5 ± 5.4		2.8 ± 1.4		4.4 ± 2.8		16.8 ± 9.6
	10	11 ± 2.1		2.9 ± 0.8		5.5 ± 1 *		19.3 ± 3.3 *
	24	17.3 ± 2.1 *		6.9 ± 2.6		11 ± 0.5 *		35.4 ± 4.6 *
Cellulose	0	4.8 ± 2.9	0.062	1.4 ± 0.8	0.062	1.2 ± 0.6	0.041	7.5 ± 4.2	0.022
	5	5 ± 1.3		1.9 ± 0.5		2.3 ± 0.2 *		9.2 ± 2.3
	10	13.5 ± 5.2		3.3 ± 1		2.8 ± 0.6		19.5 ± 5.6 *
	24	13.1 ± 1.1		3.4 ± 0.1		3.5 ± 1		20 ± 1.5
Renetta Canada	0	1 ± 0.1	0.034	0.5 ± 0.1	0.020	0.5 ± 0.1	0.025	3 ± 0.3	0.044
	5	11.5 ± 2.7		4.6 ± 2.6		2 ± 0.5		18.1 ± 3.9
	10	19 ± 2.2 *		5.6 ± 2.1		3.7 ± 0.6 *,#		28.4 ± 1.8 *
	24	28.1 ± 6 *,#		8.8 ± 2.6 #,^		16.9 ± 6.1		53.7 ± 11.4 *
Golden Delicious	0	2 ± 0.4	0.034	0.6 ± 0.1	0.016	0.5 ± 0.2	0.057	3.1 ± 0.7	0.008
	5	13.9 ± 5.8		4.2 ± 1.6		1.9 ± 0.7		20 ± 6.7
	10	15.3 ± 3 *		4.7 ± 1.9		4.9 ± 1.6		25 ± 3.1 *
	24	23.7 ± 2.8 *		7.8 ± 1.9 #,^		13.3 ± 5.1		44.8 ± 7.2 *,#
Pink Lady	0	1.8 ± 0.3	0.049	0.5 ± 0.1	0.020	0.4 ± 0.1	0.044	2.7 ± 0.5	0.040
	5	8.3 ± 2.3		3.2 ± 1.5		1.1 ± 0.2		12.6 ± 2.9
	10	22.8 ± 8		6 ± 2.2		4 ± 1.2		32.8 ± 9.7
	24	26.2 ± 3.8 *,#		8.8 ± 2 #,^		13 ± 2.8		48 ± 7.9 *,#,^

Results are expressed as mmol/L of batch culture medium and values are mean ± SEM of the three fermentations. ^a Difference over time within the same treatment (ANOVA). * Significant different from 0 h time point p < 0.05, # Significant different from 5 h time point, p < 0.05, ^ Significant different from 10 h time point, p < 0.05.