Table 4.
Daily intake of 15 food groups assessed by three-day weighed food record for the Mediterranean and habitual diet groups.
| MedDiet (n = 80) | HabDiet (n = 70) | Between Group Difference at 4 Months | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foods 1 (g/mJ/Day) | Baseline 2 | 4 Months | p Value | Baseline 2 | 4 Months | p Value | Diet*Visit Interaction | Difference (95% CI) | p Value |
| Extra virgin olive oil | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.2 | <0.001 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 2.9 (2.3, 3.4) | <0.001 |
| Vegetables | 18.2 ± 1.4 | 25.7 ± 1.6 | <0.001 | 19.0 ± 21.8 | 21.9 ± 1.6 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 3.8 (−0.6, 8.2) | 0.09 |
| White potato | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 0.09 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 0.09 | 0.09 | −0.7 (−2.4, 0.9) | 0.37 |
| Fruits | 30.6 ± 2.0 | 42.4 ± 2.3 | <0.001 | 31.1 ± 2.1 | 35.6 ± 2.4 | 0.47 | 0.04 | 6.8 (0.2, 13.4) | 0.05 |
| Nuts | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 5.6 ± 0.7 | <0.001 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 1.00 | <0.01 | 3.8 (1.9, 5.6) | <0.001 |
| Legumes | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 5.2 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 1.00 | <0.01 | 3.0 (1.3, 4.7) | <0.01 |
| Bread | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 9.1 ± 0.6 | 0.26 | 9.5 ± 0.6 | 9.0 ± 0.6 | 1.00 | 0.22 | 0.05 (−1.6, 1.7) | 0.95 |
| Cereals | 8.2 ± 0.8 | 7.4 ± 0.8 | 1.00 | 7.7 ± 0.9 | 8.3 ± 0.8 | 1.00 | 0.40 | −0.8 (−3.1, 1.4) | 0.46 |
| Dairy (all types) | 30.4 ± 2.5 | 37.5 ± 2.2 | <0.01 | 32.2 ± 2.7 | 29.8 ± 2.2 | 0.94 | 0.01 | 7.7 (1.6, 13.8) | 0.01 |
| Fish and seafood | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 9.2 ± 0.7 | <0.001 | 6.5 ± 0.7 | 4..8 ± 0.7 | 0.17 | <0.001 | 4.5 (2.4, 6.5) | <0.001 |
| Eggs | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 1.00 | 2.9 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 1.00 | 0.76 | −1.0 (−2.1, 0.2) | 0.09 |
| Meats | 8.0 ± 0.8 | 5.3 ± 0.8 | 0.03 | 8.8 ± 0.9 | 10.7 ± 0.9 | <0.01 | 0.43 | −5.4 (−7.8, −3.1) | <0.001 |
| Red wine | 8.7 ± 1.8 | 10.7 ± 1.5 | 0.62 | 11.9 ± 1.9 | 7.5 ± 1.6 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 3.2 (−1.2, 7.5) | 0.15 |
| Sugars | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.00 | 0.01 | −0.1 (−0.7, 0.5) | 0.70 |
| Miscellaneous | 32.1 ± 2.1 | 15.6 ± 1.8 | <0.001 | 34.5 ± 2.2 | 23.9 ± 1.8 | <0.001 | 0.10 | −8.2 (−13.3, −3.2) | <0.01 |
Values are mean ± SEM. 1 Vegetables included all raw, cooked, canned and frozen vegetables including sweet potato. Fruits included all fresh, dried and canned fruit but excluded fruit juice/drinks. Cereals included all rice, pasta, couscous, quinoa, muesli, oats, low fat crisp breads and crackers, and wholegrain breakfast cereals. Eggs included egg dishes such as quiche. Meats included all red meat, pork and poultry. Sugars included products at least 50% sugar (e.g., honey, jam, some confectionary, table sugar). Miscellaneous included confectionary and discretionary foods, small goods, soy products, special dietary products, muesli bars, sweet bakery products and take away foods. Beverages including water, tea, coffee, soft drink, cordials, milky drinks, fruit and vegetable juices, and alcoholic drinks other than red wine were not included. 2 Group specific baseline means used to calculate 15-point adherence score.