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. 2017 May 25;9(6):543. doi: 10.3390/nu9060543

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effect of an extract from the berries of Aronia melanocarpa (AE) on the yield and fracture strength of the femoral neck in rats exposed to cadmium (Cd). The rats received 0.1% aqueous AE or not (“+” and “−”, respectively) and Cd in diet at the concentration of 0, 1, and 5 mg/kg. Data are represented as mean ± SE for eight rats, except for seven animals in the AE group, and the groups treated with the 1 and 5 mg Cd/kg diet alone after 24 months. Statistically significant differences (Anova, Duncan’s multiple range test): * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. control group; † p < 0.05, ††† p < 0.001 vs. respective group receiving Cd alone; ‡ p < 0.05 vs. respective group receiving the 1 mg Cd/kg diet. Numerical values in bars indicate percentage change compared to the control group (↓, decrease; ↑, increase) or the respective group receiving Cd alone (↗, increase).