Skip to main content
. 2017 May 26;9(6):546. doi: 10.3390/nu9060546

Table 3.

Multivariable 1 comparisons of food groups intakes among patients and their healthy controls, NutriNet-Santé Cohort, France, 2009–2016.

Foods Groups Intakes (g/day) Hypertension Diabetes Dyslipidemia
Controls Cases Controls Cases Controls Cases
Mean SEM Mean SEM RD p 2 Mean SEM Mean SEM RD p 2 Mean SEM Mean SEM RD p 2
Alcoholic beverages 129.3 1.91 133.2 1.91 3.0 0.1142 131.9 4.25 124.4 4.32 −6.0 0.1904 127.3 1.99 132.1 1.98 3.6 0.0669
Wine 90.1 1.43 95.2 1.42 5.4 0.007 91.5 2.98 86.3 3.03 −6.0 0.1993 87.8 1.46 93.2 1.45 5.8 0.005
Fruits 291.4 2.02 273.6 2.02 −6.5 <0.0001 302.3 4.26 262.5 4.33 −15.2 <0.0001 290.0 2.1 272.7 2.09 −6.3 <0.0001
Vegetables 240.8 1.43 238.2 1.43 −1.1 0.1666 239.8 3.22 259.2 3.28 7.5 <0.0001 238.9 1.48 237.4 1.46 −0.6 0.4458
Starchy foods (pasta. rice. semolina. bread. flour. others cereals) 191.5 1.05 201.3 1.05 4.9 <0.0001 198.0 2.24 206.0 2.28 3.9 0.0083 193.0 1.11 202.0 1.1 4.5 <0.0001
Whole grain products 41.1 0.60 35.9 0.60 −14.4 <0.0001 41.0 1.30 42.8 1.32 4.1 0.3185 40.7 0.63 38.0 0.63 −7.1 0.0012
Pulses 13.2 0.26 11.7 0.26 −12.8 <0.0001 12.8 0.66 13.9 0.67 8.1 0.2041 12.9 0.28 12.3 0.28 −4.9 0.1304
Red meat and offal 46.9 0.48 55.6 0.48 15.6 <0.0001 45.4 1.02 60.7 1.03 25.2 <0.0001 47.1 0.5 53.5 0.49 12.1 <0.0001
Processed meat 29.3 0.34 35.0 0.34 16.2 <0.0001 30.0 0.76 39.3 0.78 23.7 <0.0001 29.8 0.36 33.3 0.36 10.5 <0.0001
Poultry 25.6 0.36 28.8 0.36 11.1 <0.0001 25.5 0.8 32.4 0.82 21.4 <0.0001 25.5 0.38 28.4 0.38 10.3 <0.0001
Fish and seafood 47.3 0.52 49.7 0.52 4.9 0.0004 49.8 1.13 50.2 1.15 0.8 0.8028 47.0 0.54 50.9 0.54 7.5 <0.0001
Eggs 15.1 0.23 14.7 0.23 −2.7 0.3047 15.7 0.51 15.7 0.51 0.3 0.9463 15.0 0.23 12.6 0.23 −19.0 <0.0001
Cheese 37.7 0.31 37.7 0.31 0.1 0.9400 39.3 0.67 40.0 0.68 1.9 0.3925 37.8 0.33 36.7 0.32 −2.9 0.0141
Dairy products (milk. yoghurt) 152.9 1.83 162.7 1.82 6.0 <0.0001 156.2 3.89 183.4 3.95 14.8 <0.0001 153.9 1.91 160.3 1.9 4.0 0.0114
Added oils and margarine 20.1 0.14 20.9 0.14 3.8 <0.0001 20.0 0.3 22.7 0.3 12.0 <0.0001 20.3 0.15 22.2 0.15 8.4 <0.0001
Butter and others animal added fat 14.6 0.15 14.8 0.15 1.3 0.3267 15.3 0.32 16.0 0.32 4.4 0.085 14.8 0.15 13.3 0.15 −11.4 <0.0001
Fatty and sweet pastries 59.1 0.55 56.2 0.55 −5.2 <0.0001 60.6 1.15 52.4 1.17 −15.6 <0.0001 60.9 0.58 58.8 0.58 −3.5 0.0069
Fatty and sweet products (without feculents) 15.3 0.29 15.3 0.29 −0.1 0.9755 16.4 0.65 14.9 0.66 −10.1 0.0832 15.4 0.32 15.9 0.32 3.1 0.2398
Sweet products 55.3 0.62 50.6 0.61 −9.3 <0.0001 57.8 1.24 37.6 1.26 −53.8 <0.0001 56.2 0.65 52.3 0.64 −7.4 <0.0001
Sweetened drinks (non-alcoholic) 22.4 0.83 25.7 0.83 12.8 0.003 22.7 2.14 20.7 2.17 −9.6 0.4904 24.3 0.88 24.9 0.87 2.2 0.6285
Tea 186.6 3.30 146.9 3.30 −27.0 <0.0001 187.7 6.54 129.0 6.65 −45.5 <0.0001 184.7 3.59 164.0 3.56 −12.6 <0.0001
Coffee 180.4 2.37 193.0 2.36 6.5 <0.0001 173.4 4.97 211.5 5.05 18.0 <0.0001 182.4 2.55 196.0 2.53 6.9 <0.0001
Foods Groups Intakes (g/day) CVD Cardiometabolic Disorders
Controls Cases Controls Cases
Mean SEM Mean SEM RD p 2 Mean SEM Mean SEM RD p 2
Alcoholic beverages 129.9 4.78 129.0 4.81 −0.7 0.8911 125.7 1.44 128.4 1.44 2.1 0.1573
Wine 89.3 3.48 91.2 3.5 2.1 0.6937 86.9 1.07 90.1 1.07 3.6 0.0203
Fruits 301.8 5.49 274.0 5.52 −10.1 0.0002 287.6 1.55 272.7 1.54 −5.5 <0.0001
Vegetables 240.6 3.81 240.2 3.83 −0.2 0.9387 238.5 1.11 236.8 1.1 −0.7 0.2391
Starchy foods (pasta. rice. semolina. bread. flour. others cereals) 199.2 2.87 208.2 2.89 4.4 0.0211 191.9 0.81 200.2 0.81 4.1 <0.0001
Whole grain products 40.5 1.64 40.9 1.65 1.0 0.8614 41.4 0.47 37.4 0.47 −10.6 <0.0001
Pulses 12.9 0.73 12.8 0.74 −0.8 0.8872 13.3 0.21 12.2 0.21 −9.0 <0.0001
Red meat and offal 46.3 1.23 52.2 1.24 11.3 0.008 46.9 0.37 53.8 0.37 12.7 <0.0001
Processed meat 28.9 0.87 31.4 0.87 7.9 0.009 29.4 0.26 33.7 0.26 12.8 <0.0001
Poultry 27.2 0.36 28.7 0.38 5.0 0.008 25.5 0.28 28.5 0.28 10.5 <0.0001
Fish and seafood 49.7 1.39 50.7 1.4 2.0 0.5797 46.9 0.4 49.5 0.4 5.3 <0.0001
Eggs 15.7 0.6 13.6 0.6 −15.4 0.01 14.9 0.18 13.8 0.18 −7.9 <0.0001
Cheese 39.8 0.87 37.9 0.87 −5.0 0.1255 37.4 0.24 36.9 0.24 −1.4 0.0987
Dairy products (milk. yoghurt) 153.8 4.93 166.5 4.96 7.6 0.0605 153.2 1.42 161.9 1.42 5.3 <0.0001
Added oils and margarine 19.8 0.38 22.2 0.38 10.8 <0.0001 19.9 0.11 21.3 0.11 6.6 <0.0001
Butter and others animal added fat 15.6 0.39 14.6 0.4 −6.8 0.0681 14.5 0.11 14.0 0.11 −3.6 0.0013
Fatty and sweet pastries 58.4 1.45 58.4 1.45 −0.1 0.9887 60.3 0.43 58.0 0.43 −3.9 0.0001
Fatty and sweet products (without feculents) 15.8 0.71 15.5 0.72 −1.9 0.7391 15.5 0.23 15.7 0.23 1.3 0.3632
Sweet products 58.7 1.66 52.2 1.67 −12.4 0.0045 55.8 0.48 51.2 0.48 −9.0 <0.0001
Sweetened drinks (non-alcoholic) 24.0 2.42 24.6 2.43 2.4 0.8559 23.9 0.67 25.6 0.67 6.6 0.0429
Tea 184.6 8.49 157.4 8.54 −17.3 0.0095 187.3 2.64 155.5 2.64 −20.5 <0.0001
Coffee 173.8 6.13 186.5 6.16 6.8 0.1321 182.4 1.88 193.7 1.87 5.8 <0.0001

1 Models were adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, number of dietary records and season of dietary assessment (spring/summer or autumn/winter). 2 p values are from the comparison between cases and controls using multivariable mixed linear regressions (taking into account the matching). Bold p-values are < 0.01 with a relative difference above 5%. RD: Relative difference in intakes between cases and controls. A positive relative difference shows higher intakes of nutrient in cases and a negative relative difference shows lower intakes in controls. SEM: Standard error of the mean, CVD: Cardiovascular diseases.