Table 2.
Factors independently associated with increasing levels of breast milk expression at three months post-delivery (n = 500).
| n | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted 1 OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnicity | |||
| Chinese | 322 | 3.97 (2.44, 6.43) | 3.41 (1.97, 5.91) |
| Malay | 90 | 1.05 (0.57, 1.92) | 1.08 (0.54, 2.19) |
| Indian | 88 | Reference | Reference |
| Maternal Education | |||
| No Education/Primary/Secondary | 82 | Reference | Reference |
| Technical College/Pre-university | 152 | 2.58 (1.49, 4.49) | 1.39 (0.76, 2.54) |
| University | 266 | 4.17 (2.48, 6.99) | 2.22 (1.22, 4.04) |
| Parity | |||
| Primipara | 230 | 2.30 (1.64, 3.23) | 1.54 (1.04, 2.26) |
| Multipara | 270 | Reference | Reference |
| Working during 1st Trimester Pregnancy | |||
| No | 130 | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 370 | 3.79 (2.50, 5.74) | 2.53 (1.60, 4.02) |
1 Ordinal logistic regression adjusted for maternal age (<30, 30–35, ≥35 years old), ethnicity (Chinese, Malay, Indian), maternal education (no education/primary/secondary, technical college/pre-university, university), pre-pregnancy BMI (<18.5, 18.5–23, 23–27.5, ≥27.5 kg/m2), parity (primipara, multipara), child’s sex (male, female), gestational age (continuous), birth weight category (SGA, AGA, LGA), mode of delivery (vaginal, caesarean section) and working during 1st trimester pregnancy (no, yes). (Test to reject assumption of parallel lines (proportional odds): p = 0.168).