Table 2.
Ex vivo cytokine production by mitogen-stimulated splenocytes in 3-week-old pups from lactating dams fed the Control, the MC, or the HGPC diet.
| Cytokine Concentration (pg/mL) | Control Diet (n = 6) | MC Diet (n = 6) | HGPC Diet (n = 6) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ConA | ||||
| IL-2 1 | 2559 ± 323 | 2928 ± 318 | 2804 ± 486 | 0.383 |
| IL-6 | 57 ± 9 a | 22 ± 7 b | 47 ± 8 a,b | 0.022 |
| IL-10 | 72 ± 11 | 52 ± 9 | 82 ± 14 | 0.212 |
| IFN-γ 1 | 71 ± 6 a | 24 ± 5 b | 40 ± 9 b | 0.010 |
| TNF-α 1 | 132 ± 27 a | 65 ± 12 b | 65 ± 8 b | 0.022 |
| LPS | ||||
| IL-1β 1 | 188 ± 14 | 238 ± 28 | 216 ± 12 | 0.303 |
| IL-6 | 473 ± 28 | 536 ± 39 | 591 ± 53 | 0.147 |
| IL-10 | 187 ± 22 a | 111 ± 20 b | 99 ± 13 b | 0.009 |
| TNF-α | 1176 ± 80 | 1297 ± 153 | 1203 ± 225 | 0.841 |
Values are presented as mean ± SEM; Control, free choline; HGPC, high glycerophosphocholine; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; IL, interleukin; MC, mixed choline; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; p value of the main effect of diet from the one-way ANOVA in SAS. Means within a row that do not share a common superscript letter are significantly different (p < 0.05) according to post hoc analysis using the DUNCAN adjustment. 1 Analysis performed on log-transformed values.