Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of associations between pre-therapy factors and pre-therapy levels of hepatitis C virus RNA, leptin, adiponectin, and PAI-1 in all enrolled CHC patients.
| Pre-Therapy HCV RNA Level (Log IU/mL) | Pre-Therapy Leptin Level (ng/mL) | Pre-Therapy Adiponectin Level (μg/mL) | Pre-Therapy PAI-1 Level (ng/mL) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Therapy Factors | Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
| p Values | 95% CI of Estimated β (Estimated β) | p Values | p Values | 95% CI of Estimated β (Estimated β) | p Values | p Values | 95% CI of Estimated β (Estimated β) | p Values | p Values | 95% CI of Estimated β (Estimated β) | p Values | |
| Sex (Male) | 0.322 | <0.001 * | −12.7–−8.6 (−10.6) | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | −5.2–−1.5 (−3.4) | <0.001 * | 0.094 | −1.08–1.33 (0.123) | 0.84 | ||
| Age (years) | 0.415 | 0.874 | 0.012 * | −0.03–0.13 (0.05) | 0.22 | <0.001 * | −0.075–0.009 (−0.033) | 0.122 | ||||
| BMI | 0.795 | <0.001 * | 1.09–1.70 (1.39) | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | −0.48–0.038 (−0.222) | 0.094 | <0.001 * | 0.041–0.37 (0.205) | 0.015 * | ||
| HCV RNA (Log IU/mL) | NA | NA | 0.231 | 0.887 | 0.200 | |||||||
| HCV genotype | <0.001 * | −0.59–0.25 (−0.42) | <0.001 * | 0.356 | 0.074 | −0.1–3.5 (1.7) | 0.172 | 0.064 | −0.425–1.44 (0.509) | 0.284 | ||
| ALT (U/L) | 0.631 | 0.468 | 0.607 | 0.288 | ||||||||
| TC (mg/dL) | 0.027 * | 0.000–0.005 (0.003) | 0.036 * | 0.839 | 0.312 | 0.86 | ||||||
| TGs (mg/dL) | 0.375 | 0.341 | 0.028 * | −0.036–−0.003 (−0.017) | 0.045 * | 0.095 | −0.002–0.018 (0.008) | 0.113 | ||||
| Platelet count (103 cells/mm) | 0.419 | 0.659 | 0.008 * | −0.027–0.005 (−0.011) | 0.185 | <0.001 * | 0.005–0.026 (0.015) | 0.005 * | ||||
| HOMA-IR | 0.063 | 0.001–0.03 (0.015) | 0.04 * | 0.231 | 0.03 * | -0.254–0.046 (−0.104) | 0.171 | 0.909 | ||||
| Hepatic steatosis (Yes) | 0.837 | 0.001 * | −0.93–3.36 (1.22) | 0.265 | 0.01 * | −4.01–−0.014 (−0.302) | 0.052 | 0.009 * | −1.14–0.985 (−0.078) | 0.885 | ||
| Cirrhosis (Yes) | 0.213 | 0.577 | 0.76 | 0.005 * | −1.23–1.56 (0.167) | 0.813 | ||||||
| APRI | 0.496 | 0.489 | 0.213 | 0.012 * | −0.163–0.435 (0.136) | 0.371 | ||||||
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 0.231 | NA | 0.313 | 0.015 * | −0.048–0.181 (0.017) | 0.616 | ||||||
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 0.887 | 0.313 | NA | NA | NA | <0.001 * | −0.142–0.007 (−0.067) | 0.076 | ||||
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 0.207 | NA# | NA # | <0.001 * | NA # | NA # | ||||||
| adiponectin (μg/mL) ratio | ||||||||||||
| PAI-1 (ng/mL) | 0.2 | 0.015* | −0.19~0.45 (0.126) | 0.442 | <0.001 * | −0.603~0.000 (−0.302) | 0.05 | NA | NA | NA | ||
| rs12979860 (CC genotype) | 0.246 | 0.636 | 0.743 | 0.236 | ||||||||
PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; Log: logarithmic; CI: confidence interval; *: p < 0.05; NA: not accessible; BMI: body mass index; G: genotype; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; TC: total cholesterol; TGs: triglycerides; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance; APRI: aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; # these values are not listed as independent factors in univariate or multivariate analyses because they are highly dependent on leptin and adiponectin levels, which are independent factors.