Table 1.
Sociodemographic Characteristics of Study Sample 1.
| 2012 | 2014 | |
|---|---|---|
| n = 372 2 | n = 472 2 | |
| Household Characteristics | ||
| Urban | 119 (32.1) | 171 (36.2) |
| Household size | ||
| 1–3 people | 83 (22.4) | 158 (33.4) |
| 4–5 people | 169 (45.5) | 198 (42.1) |
| ≥6 people | 119 (32.1) | 116 (24.5) |
| Includes ≥2 children under 5 years | 89 (24.0) | 107 (22.7) |
| Main source of income | ||
| Agriculture or livestock | 270 (72.7) | 291 (61.6) |
| Commercial Mining | 28 (7.5) | 73 (15.5) |
| Small business | 31 (8.3) | 30 (5.2) |
| Other | 43 (11.5) | 83 (17.7) |
| Household assets 3 | - | - |
| 0 | 151 (40.6) | 172 (36.4) |
| 1 | 147 (39.7) | 161 (34.1) |
| 2+ | 73 (19.7) | 139 (29.5) |
| Ariary spent on food per person per day 4 | ||
| <500 | 120 (33.1) | 80 (20.3) |
| 500–1000 | 186 (51.5) | 230 (58.7) |
| >1000 | 56 (15.4) | 82 (21.80) |
| Maternal Characteristics | ||
| Mother’s age | 27.7 ± 8.9 | 27.1 ± 7.5 |
| Maternal literacy 5 | ||
| able to easily read a newspaper | 154 (41.9) | 278 (59.0) |
| able to read newspaper with difficulty | 100 (27.3) | 124 (26.4) |
| unable to read a newspaper | 113 (30.8) | 69 (14.7) |
| Child Characteristics | ||
| Male sex | 186 (50.1) | 224 (47.4) |
| Child’s age | ||
| 6–11 months | 138 (37.1) | 155 (32.8) |
| 12–17 months | 126 (33.9) | 159 (33.6) |
| 18–23 months | 107 (28.9) | 158 (33.6) |
1 Frequency (%) for all categorical variables (may not add up to 100% due to rounding); Mean ± standard deviation for all continuous variables; 2 Analyses are weighted based on district population size; 3 From a three item list that includes: transportation (bicycle, car or truck), phone (cell phone or landline) and electronics (radio or television); 4 n = 362 in 2012 and 392 in 2014. In October 2012, 1USD was approx. 2200 ariary; in February 2014, 1USD was approx. 2300 ariary; 5 n = 368 in 2012 and 472 in 2014.