Table 3.
Comparing endline nutritional status and IYCF practices among users and non-users of MNPs.
| MNPs 1
n = 229 |
No MNPs 1
n = 245 (Reference) |
Crude RR or Difference of Means (95% CI) 2 | p | Adjusted RR or Difference of Means (95% CI) 2,3 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IYCF Practices | ||||||
| Child was breastfed yesterday | 187 (86.2) | 216 (91.1) | 0.95 (0.88, 1.01) | 0.10 | 1.02 (0.95, 1.09) | 0.61 |
| % of children 6–8 months who received solid/semi-solid food yesterday 4 | 19 (100.0) | 54 (85.7) | cannot be estimated 5 | - | cannot be estimated 5 | - |
| % of children 6–23 months who received solid/semi-solid food yesterday | 226 (98.7) | 231 (94.3) | 1.05 (1.01, 1.08) | 0.01 | 1.03 (1.00, 1.07) | 0.046 |
| Number of food groups consumed yesterday | 3.62 ± 1.15 | 3.14 ± 1.34 | 0.48 (0.25, 0.70) | <0.001 | 0.35 (0.13, 0.58) | 0.002 |
| Minimum dietary diversity (4+ food groups) | 129 (56.3) | 105 (42.9) | 1.31 (1.09, 1.58) | 0.004 | 1.22 (1.01, 1.47) | 0.04 |
| Frequency of solid/semi-solid food yesterday | 3.46 ± 1.34 | 3.13 ± 1.38 | 0.33 (0.08, 0.57) | 0.01 | 0.18 (−0.07, 0.43) | 0.17 |
| Received minimum meal frequency 6 | 177 (77.3) | 186 (76.5) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.11) | 0.85 | 0.99 (0.90, 1.09) | 0.84 |
| Received minimum acceptable diet 7 | 104 (45.4) | 95 (39.1) | 1.16 (0.94, 1.44) | 0.17 | 1.07 (0.86, 1.33) | 0.54 |
| Among sick children 8, child was fed more breastmilk than usual | 47 (47.5) | 52 (54.7) | 0.87 (0.66, 1.14) | 0.31 | 0.95 (0.72, 1.27) | 0.74 |
| Among sick children 8, child was fed more solid food than usual | 20 (20.2) | 24 (25.3) | 0.80 (0.47, 1.35) | 0.40 | 0.74 (0.43, 1.29) | 0.29 |
| Hemoglobin level and anemia risk | ||||||
| Mean hemoglobin (g/L) 9 | 105.0 ± 13.7 | 100.6 ± 13.1 | 4.4 (1.9, 6.9) | <0.001 | 4.5 (1.9, 7.1) | <0.001 |
| Prevalence of anemia 9 | 126 (59.2) | 159 (70.7) | 0.84 (0.73, 0.96) | 0.01 | 0.86 (0.74, 0.99) | 0.04 |
1 Values are mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. Where more than 5% of total sample is excluded from analysis, indicator-specific sample sizes are listed below; 2 Relative risks and corresponding 95% confidence intervals and p-values were estimated using log-binomial regression models. When the log-binomial model did not converge, log-poisson models were used. Differences of means and corresponding 95% confidence intervals and p-values are from linear regression models; 3 All multivariate models adjust for child’s sex and age (6–11, 12–17 or 18–23 months), household district and urban vs. rural, household head’s occupation (agriculture/livestock or other), household asset score (0, 1 or ≥2 from 3-item list of transportation (bicycle or car), phone (cell or landline) and electronics (radio or television)), and maternal literacy (able to easily read a newspaper, able to read a newspaper with difficulty, or unable to read newspaper). Models for hemoglobin and anemia also adjust for whether the mother attended a CHW talk on IYCF in the previous 3 months, the number of food groups the child consumed the previous day, and whether the child had been ill in the previous 2 weeks; 4 Sample size of children 6–8 months: n = 19 for MNP-users and n = 63 for non-users; 5 RR cannot be estimated because 100% of the 19 children 6–8 months who received MNPs received solid food yesterday; 6 Minimum meal frequency defined as solid or semi-solid foods ≥2× per day for breastfed infants aged 6–8 months, ≥3× for breastfed infants aged 9–23 months and ≥4× for non-breastfed infants aged 6–23 months; 7 Minimum acceptable diet defined as min. meal frequency and min. dietary diversity in the previous 24 h for children who are breastfed, and defined as minimum meal frequency, at least 4 out of 6 food groups (excludes dairy), and at least two milk feedings for children who were not breastfed; 8 Sample size for sick children: n = 99 for MNP-users and 95 for non-users; 9 Sample sizes for hemoglobin and anemia is n = 213 for MNP-users and n = 225 for non-users.