Table 4.
Difference in diet quality components between urban and rural women.
| DGI and Components | Urban (n = 149) DGI Score | Rural (n = 394) DGI Score | Unadjusted β (95% Confidence Interval) (CI) | p-Value | Adjusted a β (95% Confidence Interval) (CI) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary variety | 0.66 ± 0.08 | 0.65 ± 0.10 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.007) | 0.206 | −0.02 (−0.04, 0.001) | 0.066 |
| Vegetables | 2.2 ± 0.96 | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 0.15 (−0.01, 0.32) | 0.073 | 0.15 (−0.07, 0.36) | 0.174 |
| Fruit | 1.6 ± 0.97 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | −0.03 (−0.20, 0.15) | 0.770 | 0.0004 (−0.17, 0.18) | 0.996 |
| Wholegrain cereals | 0.68 ± 0.46 | 0.69 ± 0.46 | 0.04 (−0.36, 0.44) | 0.832 | −0.11 (−0.58, 0.36) | 0.636 |
| Breads and cereals | 4.4 ± 1.6 | 4.2 ± 1.6 | −0.25 (−0.54, 0.04) | 0.086 | −0.18 (−0.55, 0.19) | 0.336 |
| Meat and meat alternatives | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.4 ± 1.3 | 0.33 (0.12, 0.53) | 0.002 | 0.37 (0.14, 0.61) | 0.003 |
| Lean protein sources | 0.83 ± 0.12 | 0.82 ± 0.10 | −0.03 (−0.17, 0.11) | 0.668 | 0.004 (−0.14, 0.14) | 0.952 |
| Dairy | 1.7 ± 0.72 | 1.8 ± 0.72 | 0.10 (−0.03, 0.23) | 0.128 | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.16) | 0.546 |
| Low fat/skim milk whole milk (frequency & percentage) (%) | ||||||
| Whole milk | 54 (36.2%) | 170 (43.2%) | ||||
| Low fat/skim milk | 95 (63.8%) | 224 (56.9%) | 0.75 (0.48, 1.2) | 0.193 | 0.63 (0.38, 1.1) | 0.081 |
| Saturated fat Low fat/skim milk whole milk (frequency & percentage) (%) | ||||||
| Whole milk | 54 (36.2%) | 170 (43.2%) | ||||
| Low fat/skim milk | 95 (63.8%) | 224 (56.9%) | 0.75 (0.48, 1.2) | 0.193 | 0.63 (0.38, 1.1) | 0.081 |
| Extra foods b | 4.4 ± 1.9 | 4.6 ± 2.2 | 0.12 (−0.34, 0.57) | 0.612 | 0.08 (−0.38, 0.54) | 0.727 |
| DGI total | 84.8 ± 15.9 | 83.9 ± 16.5 | −0.90 (−4.4, 2.6) | 0.606 | −1.8 (−5.1, 1.4) | 0.264 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD and β (95% CI) and were analyzed by linear regression analysis. Proportional variables (wholegrain cereals and lean protein sources) were analyzed by generalized linear models. Low fat/skim milk whole milk and saturated fat components were analyzed by logistic regression. a Adjusted for education, income, working, body mass index, age, marital status and town clustering; b Includes alcohol and added sugars components.