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Gastrointestinal complications in patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs).
| Gastrointestinal Complication | Pathogenesis |
|---|---|
| Delayed gastric emptying | Altered function of gastric smooth muscle cells |
| Gastroesophageal reflux | Delayed gastric emptying |
| Constipation | Immobility |
| Weakness of abdominal wall muscles | |
| Inadequate fluid intake |
