Table 1.
Baseline characteristics (n = 383).
| Variables | Number or Average ± SD | Male (n = 205) | Female (n = 178) | p Value (Male vs. Female) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.2 ± 10.3 | 64.1 ± 10.8 | 66.4 ± 9.5 | 0.0403 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.3 ± 3.9 | 23.4 ± 3.8 | 23.2 ± 4.0 | 0.6028 |
| Skeletal muscle mass index (cm2/m2) | 6.7 ± 1.1 | 7.4 ± 0.9 | 6.0 ± 0.7 | <0.0001 |
| Causes of liver disease | 32/235/116 | 22/122/61 | 10/113/55 | 0.2043 |
| Hepatitis B/Hepatitis C/others | ||||
| Child-Pugh scores, 5/6/7/8/9/10/11 | 186/93/58/28/13/3/2 | 106/42/31/15/6/3/2 | 80/51/27/13/7/0/0 | 0.2587 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.3 ± 1.1 | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 0.2319 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 3.7 ± 0.53 | 3.7 ± 0.54 | 3.6 ± 0.51 | 0.3897 |
| Prothrombin time (%) | 77.0 ± 13.8 | 77.5 ± 13.4 | 76.4 ± 14.2 | 0.4532 |
| Platelets (×104/mm3) | 10.6 ± 5.5 | 10.5 ± 5.3 | 10.7 ± 5.7 | 0.8093 |
| Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 139.7 ± 2.5 | 139.3 ± 2.5 | 140.2 ± 2.6 | 0.0004 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.74 ± 0.51 | 0.84 ± 0.65 | 0.62 ± 0.22 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 154.0 ± 36.8 | 152.8 ± 35.4 | 155.2 ± 38.4 | 0.5250 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 90.5 ± 45.1 | 95.5 ± 53.0 | 84.8 ± 33.0 | 0.2144 |
| AST (IU/L) | 49.3 ± 34.8 | 49.4 ± 32.3 | 49.2 ± 37.5 | 0.9417 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 42.6 ± 38.9 | 43.9 ± 34.2 | 41.0 ± 43.7 | 0.0951 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 110.9 ± 34.7 | 114.8 ± 39.9 | 106.4 ± 27.0 | 0.0101 |
| Ascites, yes/no | 44/339 | 25/180 | 19/159 | 0.7484 |
Data are expressed as number or average ± standard deviation (SD). AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase.