Table 1.
Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the assocation between a vegetarian diet and diabetes risk by subgroups.
| Study | No. of Studies | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | I2 (%) | ||||
| Sex | |||||
| Men | 3 | 0.614 | (0.527, 0.716) | 0.719 | 0.0 |
| Women | 4 | 0.569 | (0.298, 1.086) | <0.001 | 86.0 |
| Overall | 7 | 0.584 | (0.439, 0.778) | 0.001 | 73.6 |
| Study design | |||||
| Prospective cohort | 2 | 0.644 | (0.565, 0.735) | 0.116 | 59.5 |
| Cross-sectional | 12 | 0.733 | (0.595, 0.904) | <0.001 | 83.1 |
| Overall | 14 | 0.726 | (0.608, 0.867) | <0.001 | 82.8 |
| Region of study | |||||
| Southeast Asia | 4 | 0.888 | (0.718, 1.099) | 0.03 | 66.4 |
| Western Pacific | 3 | 0.514 | (0.304, 0.871) | 0.005 | 81.1 |
| Europe & North America | 7 | 0.756 | (0.589, 0.971) | <0.001 | 81.9 |
| Overall | 14 | 0.726 | (0.608, 0.867) | <0.001 | 82.8 |
| Vegetarian type | |||||
| Vegan | 4 | 0.593 | (0.386, 0.911) | 0.017 | 70.5 |
| Lacto-vegetarian | 3 | 0.762 | (0.613, 0.949) | 0.016 | 75.7 |
| Lacto-ovo-vegetarian | 4 | 0.564 | (0.517, 0.616) | 0.301 | 17.9 |
| Pesco-vegetarian | 4 | 0.867 | (0.636, 1.180) | 0.008 | 74.9 |
| Semi-vegetarian | 9 | 0.799 | (0.667, 0.956) | 0.002 | 67.3 |
| Overall | 24 | 0.735 | (0.654, 0.826) | <0.001 | 78.8 |