Table 1.
Measures | # of Items | Scale Type | Possible Score Range | Cronbach’s Alpha | Mean ± SD | Actual Score Range |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intrapersonal Factors | ||||||
Parents | ||||||
Personal Organization [41] | 4 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | 0.64 | 2.60 ± 0.94 | 1–5 |
Need for Cognition [42,43] | 1 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | * | 3.39 ± 0.97 | 1–5 |
Control of Stress [44] | 2 | 4-point frequency rating B | 1–4 | 0.76 | 3.39 ± 0.76 | 1–4 |
Health Status [37,38] | 1 | 5-point excellence rating C | 1–5 | * | 3.45 ± 0.94 | 1–5 |
100% Fruit/Vegetable Juice (servings/day) [45,47,48,49,50] | 2 | 9-point servings drank scale D | 0–2.3 | 0.57 ± 0.57 | 0–2.29 | |
Milk (servings/day) [45,47,48,49,50] | 1 | 9-point servings drank scale D | 0–8 | * | 0.57 ± 0.45 | 0–1.14 |
Sugar-sweetened Beverages [46,50] (servings/day) | 4 | 9-point servings eaten scale D | 0–4.6 | * | 0.71 ± 0.81 | 0–4.57 |
% Total Calories from Fat [45,47,48,49] | 17 | 5-point servings eaten scale E | 0–100 | * | 36.66 ± 6.00 | 22.10–56.90 |
Physical Activity Level [51,52,53] | 3 | 8-point exercise scale F | 0–42 | * | 13.8 ± 9.87 | 0–42 |
Screentime [6,56] (minutes/day) | 1 | minutes/day | 0–1440 | * | 354.69 ± 279.54 | 0–1425 |
Sleep Duration (minutes/day) [57,58] ¥ | 1 | hours/day | 0–24 | * | 7.08 ± 1.21 | 4–12 |
Children | ||||||
Health Status [37,38] | 1 | 5-point excellence rating C | 1–5 | * | 4.36 ± 0.77 | 2–5 |
Fruit/Vegetable Juice (servings/day) [45,46,47,48,49,50,76] | 2 | 9-point servings drank scale D | 0–2.3 | * | 0.75 ± 0.56 | 0–2.29 |
Milk (servings/day) [45,46,47,48,49,50,76] | 1 | 9-point servings drank scale D | 0–8 | * | 0.85 ± 0.35 | 0–1.14 |
Sugar-sweetened Beverage (servings/day) [45,46,47,48,49,50,76] | 2 | 9-point servings drank scale D | 0–2.3 | * | 0.28 ± 0.42 | 0–2.29 |
Physical Activity Level [51,52,53] | 3 | 8-point Exercise scale F | 0–42 | * | 25.83 ± 11.53 | 0–42 |
Screentime minutes/day [6,56] | 1 | minutes | 0–1440 | * | 294.57 ± 261.98 | |
Sleep Duration (hours/day) [57,58] † | 1 | hours | 0–24 | * | 10.68 ± 1.41 | 8–15 |
Interpersonal/Social Factors | ||||||
Household Chaos [41,57] | 2 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | 0.86 | 2.51 ± 1.07 | 1–5 |
Family Conflict [60] | 5 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | 0.86 | 1.99 ± 0.76 | 1–5 |
Family Support for Healthy Eating and Physical Activity [61] | 4 | 5-point frequency rating G | 1–5 | 0.79 | 3.55 ± 1.35 | 1–5 |
Food-Related | ||||||
Family Meal frequency/week [61] | 3 | 0–7 days for breakfast, lunch, dinner; score is sum of 3 meals | 0–21 | * | 12.40 ± 5.02 | 0–21 |
Family Meal Location [54,62,63] | ||||||
In Car (days/week) | 1 | 0–7 days | 0–7 | * | 0.55 ± 1.4 | 0–7 |
At Fast Food Restaurant (days/week) | 1 | 0–7 days | 0–7 | * | 0.88 ± 1.27 | 0–7 |
At Dining Table (days/week) | 1 | 0–7 days | 0–7 | * | 4.64 ± 2.5 | 0–7 |
In Front of TV (days/week) | 1 | 0–7 days | 0–7 | * | 2.36 ± 2.52 | 0–7 |
Media Device Use at Family Meals [6,22,52] (days/week) | 1 | 0–7 days | 0–7 | * | 1.69 ± 2.4 | 0–7 |
TV Use at Family Meals & Snacking Occasions [6,22,52] (days/week) | 1 | 0–7 days | 0–7 | * | 3.50 ± 2.67 | 0–7 |
Family Mealtime Emotional Environment [22,63] | 2 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | 0.62 | 4.06 ± 0.85 | 1–5 |
Family Meals are Planned [65,66] | 2 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | 0.77 | 3.38 ± 1.02 | 1–5 |
Parent Family Meal Preparation Self-Efficacy [66] | 2 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | 0.56 | 3.95 ± 0.9 | 1–5 |
Parent Modeling of Healthy Eating [55,69,70] | 4 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | 0.74 | 3.61 ± 0.81 | 1–5 |
Parent Self-efficacy for Food-Related Childhood Obesity-Protective Practices [6,67,68] | 6 | 5-point confidence rating H | 1–5 | 0.81 | 3.78 ± 0.71 | 1–5 |
Physical Activity-Related | ||||||
Parent: Child Co-Physical Activity (days/week) [6] | 2 | 8-point modeling scale I | 0–7 | 0.68 | 3.64 ± 1.85 | 0–7 |
Parent Modeling of Physical Activity (days/week) [22,54,55,70] | 2 | 8-point modeling scale I | 0–7 | 0.59 | 3.20 ± 1.31 | 0–6.67 |
Parent Modeling of Sedentary Activity (days/week) [22,54,55,70] | 2 | 8-point modeling scale I | 0–7 | 0.72 | 3.51 ± 2.33 | 0–7 |
Parent Encouragement of Child Physical Activity [6,22,55,72,73] | 5 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | 0.85 | 4.02 ± 0.67 | 1–5 |
Parent Self-Efficacy for Physical-Activity Related Childhood Obesity-Protective Practices [6,67,68] | 3 | 5-point confidence rating H | 1–5 | 0.84 | 3.49 ± 1.01 | 1–5 |
Parent Values Related to Obesity-Protective Practices | ||||||
Healthy Eating Outcome Expectations [66,74] | 6 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | 0.92 | 4.55 ± 0.54 | 2–5 |
Physical Activity Outcome Expectations [66,74] | 6 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | 0.94 | 4.44 ± 0.61 | 2–5 |
Value Placed on Modeling Physical Activity [6,22,71,72,73] | 2 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | 0.73 | 3.86 ± 0.86 | 1–5 |
Valued Placed on Not Modeling Sedentary Behavior [6] | 1 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | * | 3.81 ± 0.97 | 1–5 |
Value Placed on Physical Activity for Children [72,73] | 2 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | 0.71 | 3.70 ± 0.88 | 1–5 |
Environmental Factors | ||||||
Household Food Availability [46,47,50,75,76] | ||||||
100% Fruit/Vegetable Juice (servings/household member/week) | 2 | 9-point servings scale J | 0–8 | * | 3.19 ± 2.06 | 0–8 |
Salty/fatty snacks (servings/household member/week) | 4 | 9-point servings scale J | 0–32 | * | 7.9 ± 7.19 | 0–32 |
Sugar-sweetened Beverages (servings/household member/week) | 4 | 9-point servings scale J | 0–8 | * | 1.62 ± 1.8 | 0–8 |
Milk (servings/household member/week) | 1 | 9-point servings scale J | 0–8 | * | 6.60 ± 2.04 | 0–8 |
Physical Activity Environment [77] | ||||||
Indoor Home Space & Supports For Physical Activity | 6 | Varies by item; 2 items are counts; 1 item is a 5-point agreement rating; A 3 items are 5-point occurrence ratings K | 1–5 | 0.74 | 3.31 ± 0.87 | 1–5 |
Outdoor/Yard Space & Supports For Physical Activity ‡ | 4 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | 0.75 | 4.31 ± 0.7 | 1–5 |
Neighborhood Space & Supports For Physical Activity § | 4 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | 0.88 | 4.01 ± 0.99 | 0.50–5 |
Neighborhood Environment Safety | 2 | 5-point agreement rating A | 1–5 | 0.42 | 3.41 ± 0.87 | 1–5 |
Frequency of Active Play Outdoors | 2 | 5-point occurrence ratings K | 1–5 | 0.54 | 2.55 ± 0.97 | 1–5 |
Media Environment | ||||||
Total Number of Inactive Media Devices (including TV) in the Home [22,54,55] | 6 | Total devices L | 0–66 | * | 10.51 ± 4.53 | 1–27 |
Total Number of Inactive Media Devices (including TV) in Children’s Bedrooms | 7 | Total # of media device types M | 0–7 | * | 1.32 ± 1.57 | 0–7 |
Time Children are Allowed to Watch TV/Movies & Use Inactive Media Devices (e.g., computers, tablets, smart phones) [6] (minutes/day) | 1 | minutes | 0–1440 | * | 475.98 ± 701.11 | 0–1440 |
Total Time TV is on When No One is Watching [6,22,78] (minutes/day) | 1 | minutes | 0–1440 | * | 130.18 ± 214.95 | 0–1410 |
* Not applicable. ¥ n = 477. † n = 448. ‡ n = 437. § n = 482. A 5-point Agreement Rating: strongly disagree, disagree, neither agree nor disagree, agree, strongly agree; scored 1 to 5 respectively with scoring reversed for negatively worded statements; scale score equals average of item scores; higher scale score indicates greater expression of the trait. B 4-point Frequency Rating: not at all, several days, more than half the days, nearly every day; scored 1 to 4; higher score indicates greater frequency. C 5-point Excellence Rating: poor, fair, good, very good, excellent; scored 1 to 5 respectively; higher score indicates better health. D 9-point Beverage Servings Rating: <1 time/week, 1 day/week, 2 days/week, 3 days/week, 4 days/week, 5 days/week, 6 days/week, 7 days/week, >1 time/day; scored 0 to 8 respectively; higher score indicates greater frequency. E 5-point Fatty Food Servings Rating: 1 time/month or less, 2 to 3 times/month, 1 to 2 times/week, 3 to 4 times/week, 5 or more times/week; scored 0 to 4 respectively; scale scoring algorithm is protected by copyright and described in detail elsewhere [79]; higher score indicates greater intake. F 8-point Exercise Days/week: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; days/week weighted by exercise intensity (weights of 1, 2, 3 for walking, moderate, and vigorous activity, respectively) and summed to create scale score; higher scale score indicates greater activity level. G 5-point Frequency Rating: never, rarely, sometimes, most of the time, always; scored 1 to 5; higher score indicates greater frequency. H 5-point Confidence Rating: not at all confident, not confident, confident, quite confident, very confident; scored 1 to 5 respectively; higher scale score indicates greater confidence. I 8-point Modeling Days/week: 0 (almost never), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; days averaged to create scale score; higher score indicates more frequent modeling. J 9-point Household Servings Rating: <1 time/week, 1 day/week, 2 days/week, 3 days/week, 4 days/week, 5 days/week, 6 days/week, 7 days/week, >1 time/day; scored 0 to 8 respectively; higher score indicates greater frequency. K 5-point Occurrence Rating: almost never, 1-2 times/week; 3 to 4 times/week, 5 to 6 times/week, every day; scored 1 to 5 respectively; scale score equals average of item scores; higher scale score indicates greater occurrence of behavior. L 11-point Media Device Count: 1 = 1 to 10 = 10, 11 = more than 10; scale score equals sum of items; higher score indicates greater number of media devices. M Response for each media device in child’s bedroom was 0 = no and 1 = yes; scale score equals sum of items; higher score indicates greater number of different media device types.