Table 3.

General linear model for total gestational weight gain (kg).

Variable in Model	Coefficient	95% CI	t	p-Value
Constant	11.35	8.30–14.39	7.4	<0.001 *
Continuous variables
Fat intake	−0.04	−0.08–0.00	−1.77	0.08
Categorical variables
Education (none/primary)—reference level
Education (secondary)	2.19	0.40–3.97	2.43	0.017 *
Education (higher)	−1.29	−6.24–3.65	−0.52	0.605
Pre-pregnancy BMI category (underweight)—reference level
Pre-pregnancy BMI category (normal)	−3.84	−5.49–−2.19	−4.62	<0.001 *
Pre-pregnancy BMI category (overweight)	−4.80	−6.96–−2.64	−4.41	<0.001 *
Pre-pregnancy BMI category (obese)	−5.44	−8.49–−2.40	−3.55	0.001 *
Parity (primiparous)—reference level
Parity (multiparous)	−0.93	−2.27–0.41	−1.38	0.171
Category of carbohydrate intake (229–429 g/day)—reference level
Category of carbohydrate intake (430–629 g/day)	2.26	0.43–4.08	2.45	0.016 *
Category of carbohydrate intake (630–829 g/day)	1.60	−0.49–3.7	1.52	0.132
Category of protein intake (<RDA)—reference level
Category of protein intake (≥RDA)	0.42	−1.68–2.52	0.4	0.691

R² (adjusted) = 16.5%. n = 112. * p < 0.05.