TABLE 1.
Age, hemoglobin concentrations, and anemia prevalence in nonpregnant women of reproductive age by country and category of infection burden: the BRINDA project1
| n | Age,2 y | Hemoglobin,2 g/L | Severe anemia, % | Moderate anemia, % | Mild anemia, % | Any anemia, % | |
| Survey | |||||||
| Cameroon | 775 | 27.2 (26.5, 27.8) | 122.6 (120.8, 124.3) | 1.3 (0.6, 2.5) | 15.7 (12.6, 19.4) | 19.3 (16.6, 22.4) | 36.3 (31.9, 41.0) |
| Colombia | 9678 | 29.1 (28.8, 29.3) | 141.6 (141.0, 142.1) | 0.1 (0.1, 0.3) | 4.8 (4.3, 5.3) | 3.0 (2.6, 3.6) | 8.0 (7.3, 8.7) |
| Côte d’Ivoire | 850 | 27.6 (26.9, 28.3) | 118.6 (117.4, 119.9) | 2.0 (1.3, 3.1) | 23.7 (20.7, 26.9) | 24.2 (21.5, 27.1) | 49.9 (46.4, 53.3) |
| Georgia | 1711 | 32.6 (32.0, 33.1) | 129.7 (128.0, 131.3) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.8) | 8.2 (6.7, 10.1) | 14.1 (11.9, 16.5) | 23.3 (20.4, 26.6) |
| Laos | 823 | 29.3 (28.6, 30.0) | 122.6 (120.3, 124.9) | 2.4 (1.5, 3.9) | 16.0 (11.8, 21.3) | 17.6 (14.5, 21.2) | 36.0 (30.6, 41.9) |
| Liberia | 1971 | 28.6 (28.1, 29.1) | 123.7 (122.6, 124.7) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.6) | 11.3 (9.4, 13.5) | 21.7 (19.4, 24.2) | 33.2 (29.7, 37.0) |
| Mexico 2006 | 3050 | 31.3 (30.7, 31.9) | 136.4 (135.2, 137.5) | 0.1 (<0.1, 0.2) | 5.2 (4.0, 6.7) | 8.6 (6.9, 10.8) | 13.9 (11.8, 16.3) |
| Mexico 2012 | 4174 | 32.1 (31.7, 32.5) | 135.2 (134.6, 135.9) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.1) | 4.8 (4.1, 5.7) | 7.5 (6.4, 8.7) | 12.9 (11.6, 14.3) |
| Papua New Guinea | 760 | 29.2 (28.5, 29.9) | 125.7 (123.1, 128.3) | 2.3 (1.5, 3.6) | 15.7 (12.0, 20.3) | 17.0 (13.6, 21.0) | 35.1 (29.0, 41.7) |
| United States | 3226 | 33.5 (32.9, 34.0) | 135.5 (134.5, 136.4) | 0.1 (<0.1, 0.2) | 2.6 (2.0, 3.4) | 4.0 (3.2, 5.0) | 6.7 (5.5, 8.0) |
| Infection burden | |||||||
| Low | 4937 | 33.5 (33.0, 33.9) | 135.4 (134.4, 136.3) | 0.1 (<0.1, 0.2) | 2.7 (2.1, 3.3) | 4.1 (3.3, 5.1) | 6.9 (5.9, 8.1) |
| Moderate | 16,902 | 31.2 (31.0, 31.5) | 136.8 (136.3, 137.3) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) | 5.0 (4.4, 5.6) | 7.1 (6.3, 8.1) | 12.4 (11.4, 13.5) |
| High | 5179 | 27.9 (27.6, 28.2) | 121.7 (120.9, 122.5) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.2) | 18.1 (16.4, 19.9) | 20.7 (19.2, 22.2) | 40.5 (38.3, 42.6) |
Severe anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration <80 g/L; moderate anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration ≥80 and <110 g/L; mild anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration ≥110 and <120 g/L; and any anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration <120 g/L. Hemoglobin concentrations were adjusted for altitude and the intensity of cigarette smoking in the Colombia, Georgia, Papua New Guinea, Mexico 2006, and Mexico 2012 surveys. In Laos, hemoglobin was only adjusted for altitude, and in the United States, hemoglobin was only adjusted for smoking. No adjustments to hemoglobin were made in the Côte d’Ivoire, Cameroon, and Liberia surveys. Countries were categorized by infection burden as follows—low: Georgia and the United States; moderate: Colombia and Mexico (2006 and 2012); high: Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, Laos, and Papua New Guinea. BRINDA, Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia.
Values are means (95% CIs).