Table 8.

LoRaWAN scalability for different IoT applications.

Applications	Transaction Message Period (s)	Payload Size (bytes)	Highest SF	No. of Nodes in 7 km Radius Cell in New York	No. of Nodes for Total Network Losses <10%	% of Nodes Served in One 7 km Radius Cell in New York
Home security	600	20	12	591,773	∼1400	0.24
Home appliances	86,400	8	12	1,775,319 ${}^1$	∼150,000	8.45
Roadway signs	30.03	1	10	9340 ${}^2$	∼650	6.95 ${}^2$
Traffic lights	59.88	1	11	152 ${}^3$	∼1200	100 ${}^3$
Credit machine in grocery	120.48	24	12	32,049	∼280	0.87

${}^1$ We took an average of 3 devices per house; ${}^2$ reduced area due to lower maximal SF, radius of 5.2 km; ${}^3$ reduced area due to lower maximal SF, radius of 5.5 km.