Figure 1.

Appearance of typical Fe deficiency-related symptoms in Arabidopsis Columbia-0 (Col-0) plants exposed to various heavy metals. A, Shoot phenotypes. B, Chlorophyll concentrations of the shoots. C, Shoot fresh weights. Seedlings were precultured for 7 d in one-half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and then transferred to one-half-strength MS medium with (control) or without Fe + 50 µm ferrozine (0 Fe) or with Fe and the supplementation of the indicated concentrations of different heavy metals. Plants were cultivated on these treatments for 9 d. Bars represent means ± sd; n = 3 to 4. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences from the control treatment according to Tukey’s test (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; and ***, P < 0.001). FW, Fresh weight.