Table 3: Summary of Recommendations for the Use of Biomarkers in Heart Failure.
| ACCF / AHA[41] | ESC[2] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biomarker / clinical application | Setting | COR | LOE | COR | LOE |
| Natriuretic peptides | |||||
| Diagnosis or exclusion of HF | Ambulatory, acute | I | A | IIa | C |
| Prognosis of HF | Ambulatory, acute | I | A | - | - |
| Achieve GDMT | Ambulatory | IIa | B | - | - |
| Serial measurements in chronic HF | Ambulatory | IIb | B | - | - |
| Guidance for acutely decompensated HF therapy | Acute | IIb | C | - | - |
| Biomarkers of myocardial injury | |||||
| Additive risk stratification | Ambulatory, acute | I | A | I | A |
| Biomarkers of myocardial fibrosis (and other biomarkers) | |||||
| Additive risk | Ambulatory | IIb | B | - | - |
| stratification | Acute | IIb | A | - | - |
ACCF = American College of Cardiology Foundation; AHF = American Heart Association; COR = class of recommendation; ESC = European Society of Cardiology; GDMT = guidelines-directed medical therapy; HF = heart failure; LOE = level of evidence; - = not mentioned in the guidelines / no recommendation.