Table 2: Clinical Assessment in Acute Heart Failure – History.
| Clinical Features | Prevalence (%) | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Lowest | Highest | ||
| Heart failure | 72 | 88 | 60 | 90 |
| Myocardial infarction | 22 | 31 | 40 | 87 |
| Coronary artery disease | 44 | 57 | 52 | 70 |
| Hypertension | 60 | 73 | 60 | 56 |
| Diabetes | 27 | 45 | 28 | 87 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 31 | 40 | NR | NR |
| COPD | 9 | 31 | 34 | 57 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Dyspnoea | 61 | 77 | 84 | 34 |
| Orthopnoea | 27 | 59 | 50 | 77 |
| Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea | 15 | 53 | 41 | 84 |
Prevalence figures compiled from the following international registries of patients presenting to hospital with acute heart failure: ADHERE,[2] OPTIMIZE,[3] EFICA,[18] ATTEND,[19] IMPACT-HF,[20] and EHFSII.[21] Sensitivities and specificities adapted from a separate meta-analysis by Wang et al.[34] – a synthesis of data from 22 observational series of patients presenting with undifferentiated dyspnoea. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.