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. 2017 Jun 29;12(6):e0179603. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179603

Table 2. Summary characteristics of hospitals comprising each neighborhood, demographics of their Hospital Service Areas, and their U.S. News and World Report, Leapfrog, Consumer Reports, and Health Grades ratings.

Neighborhood A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P P-value
Number of hospitals 196 138 134 117 154 139 113 86 65 93 65 44 71 62 57 75
Region <0.001
Northeast 59 44 15 14 22 14 18 11 5 28 9 18 24 6 15 11
30.1% 31.9% 11.2% 12.0% 14.3% 10.1% 15.9% 12.8% 7.7% 30.1% 13.9% 40.9% 33.8% 9.7% 26.3% 14.7%
South 41 40 32 32 30 31 46 14 18 39 17 8 4 22 15 17
20.9% 29.0% 23.9% 27.4% 19.5% 22.3% 40.7% 16.3% 27.7% 41.9% 26.2% 18.2% 5.6% 35.5% 26.3% 22.7%
Midwest 55 43 43 33 72 87 44 44 16 17 31 11 26 21 19 32
28.1% 31.2% 32.1% 28.2% 46.8% 62.6% 38.9% 51.2% 24.6% 18.3% 47.7% 25.0% 36.6% 33.9% 33.3% 42.7%
West 41 11 44 38 30 7 5 17 26 9 8 7 17 13 8 15
20.9% 8.0% 32.8% 32.5% 19.5% 5.0% 4.5% 19.8% 40.0% 9.7% 12.3% 15.9% 23.9% 21.0% 14.0% 20.0%
Location
Urban 196 137 133 115 154 137 112 86 64 93 64 44 71 62 57 75
100.0% 99.3% 99.3% 98.3% 100.0% 98.6% 99.1% 100.0% 98.5% 100.0% 98.5% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Rural 0 1 1 2 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0.0% 0.7% 0.7% 1.7% 0.0% 1.4% 0.9% 0.0% 1.5% 0.0% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Bed Size <0.001
<100 5 1 4 7 10 11 5 3 1 0 4 0 2 1 0 4
2.6% 0.7% 3.0% 6.0% 6.5% 7.9% 4.4% 3.5% 1.5% 0.0% 6.2% 0.0% 2.8% 1.6% 0.0% 5.3%
100–199 37 31 37 32 59 40 41 21 12 20 14 12 16 11 15 26
18.9% 22.5% 27.6% 27.4% 38.3% 28.8% 36.3% 24.4% 18.5% 21.5% 21.5% 27.3% 22.5% 17.7% 26.3% 34.7%
200–299 50 37 41 22 44 37 26 24 15 25 17 15 15 16 18 19
25.5% 26.8% 30.6% 18.8% 28.6% 26.6% 23.0% 27.9% 23.1% 26.9% 26.2% 34.1% 21.1% 25.8% 31.6% 25.3%
300–399 42 26 21 25 13 26 14 15 13 14 12 7 18 17 10 10
21.4% 18.8% 15.7% 21.4% 8.4% 18.7% 12.4% 17.4% 20.0% 15.1% 18.5% 15.9% 25.4% 27.4% 17.5% 13.3%
≥400 62 43 31 31 28 25 27 23 24 34 18 10 20 17 14 16
31.6% 31.2% 23.1% 26.5% 18.2% 18.0% 23.9% 26.7% 36.9% 36.6% 27.7% 22.7% 28.2% 27.4% 24.6% 21.3%
Teaching <0.001
Yes 117 64 63 64 55 55 53 37 39 59 32 24 33 32 31 33
59.7% 46.4% 47.0% 54.7% 35.7% 39.6% 47.3% 43.0% 60.0% 63.4% 49.2% 54.6% 46.5% 51.6% 54.4% 44.0%
No 79 74 71 53 99 84 59 49 26 34 33 20 38 30 26 42
40.3% 53.6% 53.0% 45.3% 64.3% 60.4% 52.7% 57.0% 40.0% 36.6% 50.8% 45.5% 53.5% 48.4% 45.6% 56.0%
Average proportion of Hospital Service Area population that is non-white <0.001
Median 21.9% 27.6% 14.6% 20.1% 23.3% 17.9% 19.1% 28.3% 15.0% 23.6% 22.6% 26.6% 32.9% 18.0% 20.0% 20.4%
Q1 12.5% 12.9% 10.5% 11.6% 11.9% 9.5% 10.9% 19.0% 9.3% 12.6% 12.5% 16.3% 21.1% 11.7% 11.0% 8.7%
Q3 34.3% 41.4% 23.6% 30.4% 36.1% 29.6% 31.5% 43.0% 24.8% 33.5% 33.5% 48.6% 52.6% 28.6% 27.1% 29.7%
Average household income in Hospital Service Area <0.001
Median $ 58,709 $ 56,083 $ 50,443 $ 61,928 $ 48,233 $ 48,954 $ 51,049 $ 52,004 $ 52,729 $ 57,673 $ 53,666 $ 54,929 $ 56,083 $ 58,526 $ 59,200 $ 50,624
Q1 $ 50,338 $ 46,298 $ 44,571 $ 56,250 $ 41,723 $ 40,760 $ 43,803 $ 44,927 $ 45,619 $ 48,632 $ 45,839 $ 48,617 $ 47,039 $ 48,632 $ 50,082 $ 45,551
Q3 $ 76,021 $ 65,378 $ 58,788 $ 68,198 $ 56,558 $ 57,483 $ 61,086 $ 61,148 $ 58,956 $ 71,865 $ 59,654 $ 66,531 $ 70,857 $ 67,873 $ 72,125 $ 58,788
High performers in existing hospital rating systems
U.S. News and World Report
Number 6 1 0 2 2 0 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
% 37.5% 6.3% 0.0% 12.5% 12.5% 0.0% 18.8% 6.3% 0.0% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Health Grades
Number 14 8 9 18 3 0 4 3 7 8 2 0 0 9 5 3
% 15.1% 8.6% 9.7% 19.4% 3.2% 0.0% 4.3% 3.2% 7.5% 8.6% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 9.7% 5.4% 3.2%
Consumer Reports
Number 4 0 3 12 2 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 5 3 0
% 11.1% 0.0% 8.3% 33.3% 5.6% 2.8% 0.0% 0.0% 13.9% 2.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 13.9% 8.3% 0.0%
Leapfrog
Number 5 3 3 4 1 1 2 1 2 2 0 0 1 4 1 1
% 16.1% 9.7% 9.7% 12.9% 3.2% 3.2% 6.5% 3.2% 6.5% 6.5% 0.0% 0.0% 3.2% 12.9% 3.2% 3.2%