Table 2. Nutritional intake at baseline and during the dietary intervention.
| Brown rice group | White rice group | P value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | During the intervention | Change | Baseline | During the intervention | Change | ||
| Energy (kJ/day) | 7611±1731 | 7828±1633 | 216 (−369 to 829) | 7437±1154 | 7552±966 | 116 (−407 to 639) | 0.790 |
| (kJ/kg) | 123±34 | 127±27 | 4 (−6 to 13) | 115±18 | 117±19 | 3 (−5 to 10) | 0.836 |
| Protein (%kcal) | 16.3±1.6 | 15.8±2.1 | −0.5 (−1.9 to 0.8) | 16.8±1.5 | 16.1±1.8 | −0.7 (−1.8 to 0.4) | 0.884 |
| Fat (%kcal) | 25.5±4.4 | 27.2±5.7 | 1.8 (−1.6 to 5.1) | 24.6±5.0 | 24.9±4.4 | 0.3 (−2.8 to 3.4) | 0.506 |
| Carbohydrate (%kcal) | 54.2±7.1 | 52.9±8.4 | −1.3 (−5.3 to 2.8) | 53.9±5.5 | 55.6±4.8 | 1.7 (−2.3 to 5.7) | 0.272 |
| Potassium (mg/day) | 2734±748 | 2377±529 | −357 (−575 to −138) | 2948±698 | 2737±523 | −211 (−511 to 90) | 0.403 |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 537±173 | 475±166 | −62 (−141 to 17) | 551±142 | 541±136 | −10 (−67 to 47) | 0.255 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) | 288±85 | 243±60 | −45 (−73 to −17) | 295±46 | 271±43 | −24 (−43 to −4.6) | 0.201 |
| Phosphorus (mg/day) | 1074±207 | 980±212 | −94 (−187 to −1) | 1113±189 | 1015±108 | −98 (−189 to −8.1) | 0.941 |
| Iron (mg/day) | 8.1±2.1 | 7.0±1.6 | −1.2 (−2.0 to −0.3) | 8.7±1.2 | 7.5±1.4 | −1.1 (−2.0 to −0.3) | 0.988 |
| α-Tocopherol (mg/day) | 6.9±1.2 | 6.5±1.6 | −0.4 (−1.2 to 0.5) | 7.8±1.9 | 7.0±1.8 | −0.8 (−2.1 to −0.6) | 0.575 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg/day) | 0.90±0.18 | 0.80±0.24 | −0.10 (−0.22 to 0.02) | 0.96±0.21 | 0.89±0.21 | −0.07 (−0.22 to 0.07) | 0.772 |
| Total dietary fiber (g/day) | 13.9±4.5 | 19.5±3.2 | 5.6 (3.9 to 7.3) | 16.5±3.1 | 15.3±3.0 | −1.2 (−3.1 to 0.8) | <0.0001 |
| Insoluble dietary fiber (g/day) | 9.9±3.1 | 14.1±2.7 | 4.1 (2.9 to 5.4) | 12.2±2.5 | 11.3±2.5 | −0.9 (−2.5 to 0.8) | <0.0001 |
| Soluble dietary fiber (g/day) | 3.1±1.1 | 4.6±0.8 | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.1) | 3.7±0.8 | 3.1±0.7 | −0.5 (−0.9 to −0.1) | <0.0001 |
| NaCl (g/day) | 9.5±2.0 | 10.0±3.1 | 0.4 (−1.0 to 1.9) | 10.6±1.3 | 9.6±2.1 | −0.9 (−2.0 to 0.2) | 0.116 |
Values are mean ± SD for continuous variables of “baseline” and “during the intervention”, and mean (95% CI) for continuous variables of “Change”. The p-values indicate comparisons of changes between the brown rice diet group vs. the white rice diet group using unpaired t-tests.