Table 1. Demographics and clinical characteristics of HIV-infected patients and HIV-uninfected controls.
| HIV-infected Patients, n = 208 (48%)a | HIV-uninfected Controls, n = 224 (52%)a | P-valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years | 39 (5) | 37 (5) | <0.001 |
| 30–39 | 122 (43) | 159 (57) | |
| 40–50 | 86 (60) | 65 (40) | |
| Female | 114 (55%) | 105 (47%) | 0.10 |
| Cigarette Smoking | |||
| Ever | 71 (34%) | 57 (25%) | 0.06 |
| Current | 15(7%) | 32 (14%) | 0.02 |
| Pack Years | 4.7 (6.7) | 4.9 (6.4) | 0.89 |
| Family History | |||
| Myocardial Infarction | 2 (1%) | 8 (4%) | 0.11 |
| Stroke | 24 (12%) | 35 (16%) | 0.26 |
| Personal History | |||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 1 (0%) | 2 (1%) | 1.0 |
| Hypertension | 36 (17%) | 19 (8%) | 0.009 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 7 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.006 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 17 (8%) | 8 (4%) | 0.06 |
| Medications | |||
| Thiazide Diuretic | 35 (15%) | 12 (5%) | <0.001 |
| Calcium Channel Blocker | 17 (8%) | 5 (2%) | 0.007 |
| Beta-blocker | 7 (3%) | 3 (1%) | 0.21 |
| ACE inhibitor | 5 (2%) | 5 (2%) | 1.0 |
| HMG Co-A inhibitors | 10 (5%) | 1 (0%) | 0.004 |
| Fibrates | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.48 |
| Anthropometric Data | |||
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 130.3 (15.7) | 131.5 (14.4) | 0.40 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 85.1 (12.4) | 84.8 (11.8) | 0.78 |
| Waist-hip ratio | |||
| Females (≥0.85) | 38 (49%) | 37 (39%) | 0.28 |
| Males (≥0.90) | 21 (33%) | 21 (20%) | 0.07 |
| CVD risk blood tests | |||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.7 (1.1) | 4.5 (1.1) | 0.13 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.9 (1.0) | 2.8 (0.9) | 0.33 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.4) | 0.07 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.4(1.1) | 1.1 (1.0) | 0.005 |
| Glycosylated haemoglobin (%) | 5.3 (0.5) | 5.6 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| HIV-parameters | . | ||
| HIV Disease Duration (years) | 10 (3.2) | . | N/A |
| Duration on ART | 8.6 (2.7) | . | N/A |
| CD4 nadir (cells/ul) | 126(99) | . | N/A |
| *Proportion with CD4 nadir <350 (cells/ul) | 141 (97) | ||
| PreART CD4 count (cells/ul) | 133(105) | . | N/A |
| Current CD4 count (cells/ul) | 564 (231) | . | N/A |
| Proportion with undetectable VL | 100% | . | N/A |
| Time since VL <400copies/ml (months) | 3.1 (1.9) | . | N/A |
| Patients on NNRTI-based ART | 155 (75%) | . | N/A |
| Patients on PI-containing ART | 52 (25%) | . | N/A |
Abbreviations: HIV, human immune deficiency virus; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; HMG-Co A, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; CVD, cardiovascular disease; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; CD4, cluster differentiation 4; VL, viral load; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor
a Means (standard deviations) for continuous measures; counts (percentages) for categorical measures
b P-values are from t-test for continuous measures and from Fisher’s exact test for categorical measures.
*62 patients had missing nadir CD4 results