Table 2. Univariate predictors of cIMT, including traditional CVD risk factors, HIV factors and sCD163 among all study participants, HIV-infected participants, and HIV-uninfected participants.
| All participants | HIV-infected participants | HIV-uninfected participants | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors Variable | Estimate (95% CI) | P-value | Estimate (95% CI) | P-value | Estimate (95% CI) | P-value |
| Age (per 10 year increase) | 0.07 (0.06, 0.08) | <0.01 | 0.06 (0.04, 0.08) | <0.01 | 0.08 (0.06, 0.1) | <0.01 |
| Sex (ref = male) | -0.01 (-0.027, 0.006) | 0.23 | -0.02 (-0.044, 0.003) | 0.09 | -0.002 (-0.026, 0.022) | 0.85 |
| Personal History | ||||||
| Hypertension | 0.053 (0.029, 0.078) | <0.01 | 0.045 (0.014, 0.075) | <0.01 | 0.066 (0.024,0.108) | <0.01 |
| On Treatment for Hypertension | 0.057 (0.032, 0.082) | <0.01 | 0.045 (0.014, 0.075) | <0.01 | 0.08 (0.035,0.125) | <0.01 |
| Anthropometric Data | ||||||
| Systolic Blood Pressure (per 10 mmHg) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.02) | <0.01 | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | <0.01 | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | <0.01 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (per 10 mmHg) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | <0.01 | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | <0.01 | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | <0.01 |
| Mean Arterial Pressure (per 10 mmHg) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | <0.01 | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | <0.01 | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | <0.01 |
| Body Mass Index (per 5 point increase) | 0.012 (0.004, 0.019) | <0.01 | 0.02 (0.009, 0.032) | <0.01 | 0.007 (-0.003, 0.017) | 0.19 |
| Waist Circumference (per 10cm increase) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | <0.01 | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | <0.01 | 0.01 (0.00, 0.03) | 0.05 |
| Waist-hip ratio (per 0.5 increase) | 0.16 (0.09, 0.23) | <0.01 | 0.20 (0.10, 0.30) | <0.01 | 0.14 (0.04, 0.24) | <0.01 |
| CVD risk blood tests, therapy | ||||||
| Non-HDL cholesterol (per 2 mmol/L) | 0.04 (0.02,0.05) | <0.01 | 0.03 (0.01,0.05) | <0.01 | 0.04 (0.02,0.06) | <0.01 |
| LDL-cholesterol (per 2 mmol/L) | 0.04 (0.02,0.06) | <0.01 | 0.03 (0.01,0.05) | 0.02 | 0.05 (0.02,0.07) | <0.01 |
| HDL-cholesterol (per 2 mmol/L) | -0.04 (-0.08,0.00) | 0.03 | -0.06 (-0.11,-0.01) | 0.02 | -0.03 (-0.09,0.04) | 0.42 |
| Glycosylated haemoglobin (per 2% point) | 0.03 (0.01,0.05) | 0.01 | 0.00 (-0.04,0.05) | 0.83 | 0.05 (0.02,0.08) | <0.01 |
| Statin therapy | 0.05 (-0.002, 0.103) | 0.06 | 0.024 (-0.031, 0.079) | 0.39 | 0.276 (0.101,0.451) | <0.01 |
| Monocyte Activation | ||||||
| sCD163 (per 1000ng/ml) | 0.00 (0.00,0.01) | 0.43 | 0.00 (-0.01,0.01) | 0.72 | 0.00 (-0.01,0.01) | 0.55 |
| HIV-factors | ||||||
| Duration of HIV disease (per 3 year increase) | N/A | N/A | 0.01 (0.0, 0.02) | 0.04 | N/A | N/A |
| Duration of ART exposure (per 3 year increase) | N/A | N/A | 0.01 (0.0, 0.03) | 0.06 | N/A | N/A |
| Current PI use (versus NNRTI use) | N/A | N/A | 0.02 (-0.01, 0.04) | 0.26 | N/A | N/A |
| Nadir CD4 count (≥350 versus <350 cells/ul) | N/A | N/A | -0.08 (-0.15, -0.01) | 0.02 | N/A | N/A |
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; sCD163, soluble CD163; HIV, human immune deficiency virus; ART, antiretroviral therapy; PI, protease inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.