Table 3. Subgroup analyses assessing potential moderating factors for sprint time and vertical jump height in studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Studies | Complex Training | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Numbera | References | SMD (95% CI) | ES | I2 | P | PDiff | |||
| Sprint | ||||||||||
| Population characteristics | ||||||||||
| Age | ||||||||||
| ≥20 years | 4 | [33, 34, 36] | -0.24 (-0.58, 0.09) | 0.23 | 0 | 0.16 | <0.05 | |||
| <20 years | 5 | [35, 37, 41] | -1.33 (-2.02, -0.64) | 1.13 | 43 | <0.05 | ||||
| Level | ||||||||||
| Division 1 | 4 | [34, 35] | -0.74 (-1.33, -0.15) | 0.76 | 43 | <0.05 | <0.05 | |||
| Under Division 1 | 5 | [33, 36, 37, 41] | -0.74 (-1.57, 0.08) | 0.70 | 72 | 0.08 | ||||
| Exercise characteristics | ||||||||||
| Frequency | ||||||||||
| ≥3 week-1 | 2 | [34] | -0.36 (-0.89, 0.16) | 0.35 | 0 | 0.18 | 0.22 | |||
| <3 week-1 | 7 | [33, 35, 36, 41] | -0.90 (-1.56, -0.23) | 0.84 | 69 | <0.05 | ||||
| Intensity | ||||||||||
| ≥85% RM | 3 | [33, 34] | -1.07 (-1.82, -0.33) | 0.25 | 70 | <0.05 | 0.07 | |||
| <85% RM | 6 | [35, 36, 41] | -0.27 (-0.73, -0.20) | 0.96 | 0 | 0.26 | ||||
| Duration | ||||||||||
| ≥6 weeks | 6 | [33, 35, 37, 41] | -1.06 (-1.82, -0.31) | 0.95 | 63 | <0.05 | 0.07 | |||
| <6 weeks | 3 | [34, 36] | -0.29 (-0.65, 0.07) | 0.29 | 0 | 0.12 | ||||
| Total n° Sessions | ||||||||||
| >12 sessions | 4 | [33, 34, 37] | -0.71 (-1.63, 0.20) | 0.71 | 77 | 0.12 | 0.95 | |||
| ≤12 sessions |
5 | [35, 36, 41] | -0.75 (-1.33, -0.17) | 0.74 | 43 | <0.05 | ||||
| Vertical Jump | ||||||||||
| Population Characteristics | ||||||||||
| Age | ||||||||||
| ≥20 years | 3 | [33, 36, 39] | 0.16 (-0.21, 0.54) | 0.20 | 0 | 0.40 | 0.39 | |||
| <20 years | 5 | [35, 38, 40] | 0.45 (-0.09, 1.00) | 0.42 | 21 | 0.10 | ||||
| Level | ||||||||||
| Division 1 | 5 | [35, 38, 39] | 0.21 (-0.23, 0.64) | 0.2 | 0 | 0.35 | 0.50 | |||
| Under Division 1 | 3 | [33, 36, 40] | 0.52 (-0.28, 1.33) | 0.56 | 66 | 0.20 | ||||
| Exercise characteristics | ||||||||||
| Intensity | ||||||||||
| ≥85% RM | 5 | [35, 36, 38] | 0.11 (-0.25, 0.48) | 0.15 | 0 | 0.55 | 0.58 | |||
| <85% RM | 3 | [33, 39, 40] | 0.63 (-0.10, 1.35) | 0.64 | 49 | 0.09 | ||||
| Duration | ||||||||||
| ≥6 weeks | 4 | [33, 35, 40] | 0.47 (-0.16, 1.10) | 0.45 | 41 | 0.15 | 0.42 | |||
| <6 weeks | 4 | [36, 38, 39] | 0.16 (-0.21, 0.54) | 0.22 | 0 | 0.39 | ||||
| Total n sessions | ||||||||||
| >12 sessions | 2 | [33, 40] | 0.86 (-0.31, 2.02) | 0.81 | 63 | 0.15 | 0.25 | |||
| ≤12 sessions | 6 | [35, 36, 38, 39] | 0.15 (-0.18, 0.47) | 0.18 | 0 | 0.37 | ||||
| Intracomplex Rest | ||||||||||
| ≥2 minutes | 4 | [38–40] | 0.58 (-0.01, 1.18) | 0.55 | 24 | <0.05 | 0.21 | |||
| <2 minutes | 2 | [33, 36] | 0.11 (-0.33, 0.55) | 0.15 | 0 | 0.61 | ||||
| Sport modality | ||||||||||
| Jump predominance (Basketball/Volleyball) | 4 | [38–40] | 0.58 (-0.01, 1.18) | 0.55 | 24 | 0.05 | 0.18 | |||
| Other Team -Sports | 4 | [33, 35, 36] | 0.11 (-0.26, 0.48) | 0.12 | 0 | 0.56 | ||||
Subgroup analyses are performed on SMD between post and pre-intervention sprint time and vertical jump in CT-trained groups. Median values of continuous variables were used as cut-off values for grouping studies. Changes in moderating factors were calculated as post-intervention minus pre-intervention values.
aNumber of CT-Trained groups into this studies references. Certain enrolled studies were not included because the value used for subgroup analysis was not reported in them.
SMD, standardized mean difference; I2, heterogeneity; ES, effect size; P, test for overall effect; PDiff, test for subgroup differences.