Table 3. Subgroup analyses assessing potential moderating factors for sprint time and vertical jump height in studies included in the meta-analysis.

	Studies				Complex Training
Group	Numbera	References		SMD (95% CI)		ES	I2	P	PDiff
Sprint
Population characteristics
Age
≥20 years	4	[33, 34, 36]		-0.24 (-0.58, 0.09)		0.23	0	0.16	<0.05
<20 years	5	[35, 37, 41]		-1.33 (-2.02, -0.64)		1.13	43	<0.05
Level
Division 1	4	[34, 35]		-0.74 (-1.33, -0.15)		0.76	43	<0.05	<0.05
Under Division 1	5	[33, 36, 37, 41]		-0.74 (-1.57, 0.08)		0.70	72	0.08
Exercise characteristics
Frequency
≥3 week-1	2	[34]		-0.36 (-0.89, 0.16)		0.35	0	0.18	0.22
<3 week-1	7	[33, 35, 36, 41]		-0.90 (-1.56, -0.23)		0.84	69	<0.05
Intensity
≥85% RM	3	[33, 34]		-1.07 (-1.82, -0.33)		0.25	70	<0.05	0.07
<85% RM	6	[35, 36, 41]		-0.27 (-0.73, -0.20)		0.96	0	0.26
Duration
≥6 weeks	6	[33, 35, 37, 41]		-1.06 (-1.82, -0.31)		0.95	63	<0.05	0.07
<6 weeks	3	[34, 36]		-0.29 (-0.65, 0.07)		0.29	0	0.12
Total n° Sessions
>12 sessions	4	[33, 34, 37]		-0.71 (-1.63, 0.20)		0.71	77	0.12	0.95
≤12 sessions	5	[35, 36, 41]		-0.75 (-1.33, -0.17)		0.74	43	<0.05
Vertical Jump
Population Characteristics
Age
≥20 years	3	[33, 36, 39]		0.16 (-0.21, 0.54)		0.20	0	0.40	0.39
<20 years	5	[35, 38, 40]		0.45 (-0.09, 1.00)		0.42	21	0.10
Level
Division 1	5	[35, 38, 39]		0.21 (-0.23, 0.64)		0.2	0	0.35	0.50
Under Division 1	3	[33, 36, 40]		0.52 (-0.28, 1.33)		0.56	66	0.20
Exercise characteristics
Intensity
≥85% RM	5	[35, 36, 38]		0.11 (-0.25, 0.48)		0.15	0	0.55	0.58
<85% RM	3	[33, 39, 40]		0.63 (-0.10, 1.35)		0.64	49	0.09
Duration
≥6 weeks	4	[33, 35, 40]		0.47 (-0.16, 1.10)		0.45	41	0.15	0.42
<6 weeks	4	[36, 38, 39]		0.16 (-0.21, 0.54)		0.22	0	0.39
Total n sessions
>12 sessions	2	[33, 40]		0.86 (-0.31, 2.02)		0.81	63	0.15	0.25
≤12 sessions	6	[35, 36, 38, 39]		0.15 (-0.18, 0.47)		0.18	0	0.37
Intracomplex Rest
≥2 minutes	4	[38–40]		0.58 (-0.01, 1.18)		0.55	24	<0.05	0.21
<2 minutes	2	[33, 36]		0.11 (-0.33, 0.55)		0.15	0	0.61
Sport modality
Jump predominance (Basketball/Volleyball)	4	[38–40]		0.58 (-0.01, 1.18)		0.55	24	0.05	0.18
Other Team -Sports	4	[33, 35, 36]		0.11 (-0.26, 0.48)		0.12	0	0.56

Subgroup analyses are performed on SMD between post and pre-intervention sprint time and vertical jump in CT-trained groups. Median values of continuous variables were used as cut-off values for grouping studies. Changes in moderating factors were calculated as post-intervention minus pre-intervention values.

^aNumber of CT-Trained groups into this studies references. Certain enrolled studies were not included because the value used for subgroup analysis was not reported in them.

SMD, standardized mean difference; I², heterogeneity; ES, effect size; P, test for overall effect; P_Diff, test for subgroup differences.