Table 1.
Randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing modes of delivery among women living with HIV.
| Study name | First author and year of publication | Study years | Study location (country) | Study design | Sample size (overall) | Follow-up period | Outcome(s) |
| European Collaborative Study | Bailey 1999 [14] | 1987–1998 | Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom | Prospective cohort | 364 women, 373 pregnancies | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| European Collaborative Study | European Collaborative Study 2005 [20] | 1985–2004 | Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom | Prospective cohort | 4525 mother–child pairs | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| European Collaborative Study | European Collaborative Study 2010 [16] | 1985–2007 | Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom | Prospective cohort | 5238 mother–child pairs | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| European Collaborative Study | Newell 1994 [39] | 1986–1992 | Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom | Prospective cohort | 1254 mother–child pairs | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| European Collaborative Study | Newell 1996 [40] | 1986–1995 | Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom | Prospective cohort | 1846 mothers, 1945 children | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| European Collaborative Study | Thorne 2004 [45] | 1986–2003 | Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom | Prospective cohort | 3231 mother–child pairs | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| European Collaborative Study/European HIV in Obstetrics Group | Fiore 2004 [22] | 1992–2002 | Italy, Spain, Sweden, Poland, Ukraine | Case-control | 408 women | N/A | Maternal morbidities |
| European Collaborative Study/German Perinatal Cohort | Grosch-Worner 2000 [26] | 1985–1999 | Germany | Prospective cohort | 179 mother–child pairs | 18–24 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| European Collaborative Study/Italy | Grignaffini 2000 [25] | 1987–1999 | Italy | Prospective cohort | 60 women, 64 children | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| European Collaborative Study/Italian Collaborative Study | Italian Collaborative Study 1999 [28] | 1988–1990, 1990–1995 | Italy | Retrospective cohort (1988–1990), Prospective cohort (1990–1995) | 1040 women | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| European Collaborative Study/Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children | Galli 2009 [23] | 2002–2004 | Italy | Prospective cohort | 937 mother–child pairs | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| European Collaborative Study/Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children | Galli 2005 [24] | 1985–1995, 1996–2001 | Italy | Prospective cohort | 4151 children | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| European Collaborative Study/Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children | Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children 2002 [29] | 1985–1995, 1996–1999 | Italy | Prospective cohort | 3770 children | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| European Mode of Delivery Collaboration (EMDC) | EMDC 1999 [21] | 1993–1998 | Italy, France, Spain | Randomized controlled trial | 436 women | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission, Maternal morbidities |
| European Mode of Delivery Collaboration | Ricci 2000 [42] | 1993–1998 | Italy, France, Spain | Randomized controlled trial | 414 women | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission, Maternal morbidities |
| French Perinatal Cohort | Briand 2013 [17] | 2000–2010 | France | Prospective cohort | 8977 women | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission, Maternal morbidities |
| French Perinatal Cohort | Marcollet 2002 [36] | 1989–1999 | France | Retrospective chart review | 401 women | 6 weeks | Maternal morbidities |
| French Perinatal Cohort | Mandelbrot 1998 [35] | 1985–1996 | France | Prospective cohort | 2834 mother–child pairs | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| French Perinatal Cohort | Mandelbrot 2013 [34] | 2005–2010 | France | Prospective cohort | 4654 women | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| IMPAACT Protocol 1025 Study | Livingston 2010 [33] | 2002–2008 | United States, Puerto Rico | Prospective cohort | 1194 mother–child pairs | 6 months | Infant HIV transmission, Infant health |
| Italian Group of the Gynecological and Obstetrics Society | Tibaldi 1994 [46] | 1987–1991 | Italy | Prospective cohort | 519 mothers, 528 children | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood | Townsend 2014 [47] | 2000–2011 | UK, Ireland | Population surveillance | 12486 mother–child pairs | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| NISDI Perinatal Study | Duarte 2006 [19] | 2002–2005 | Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Mexico | Prospective cohort | 697 women | 6–12 weeks | Maternal morbidities |
| NISDI Perinatal/LILAC Studies | Kreitchmann 2011 [32] | 2002–2009 | Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru | Prospective cohort | 1443 mother–child pairs | 3 years | Infant health |
| Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 185 | Watts 2000 [49] | 1993–1997 | United States | Prospective cohort | 501 women | 18 months | Maternal morbidities |
| Pilot PMTCT Programme | Cocu 2005 [18] | 2000–2002 | Romania | Prospective cohort | 20 women | 6 weeks, 3 months, 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| Swiss Neonatal HIV Study Group | Kind 1995 [30] | 1986–1993 | Switzerland | Prospective cohort | 316 children | 24 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| Swiss Neonatal HIV Study Group | Kind 1998 [31] | 1986–1996 | Switzerland | Prospective cohort | 496 children | 24 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| Women and Infants Transmission Study | Navas-Nacher 2006 [38] | 1990–2004 | United States, Puerto Rico | Prospective cohort | 1491 deliveries | 2 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months | Maternal morbidities |
| Women and Infants Transmission Study | Read 2001 [41] | 1989–1998 | United States, Puerto Rico | Prospective cohort | 1186 deliveries | 2 months | Maternal morbidities |
| – | Bobat 1996 [15] | 1990–1993 | South Africa | Prospective cohort | 229 women, 234 children | 15 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| – | Iloh 2015 [27] | 2011–2012 | Nigeria | Prospective cohort | 210 children | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| – | Mukherjee 2010 [37] | 2001–2005 | India | Retrospective cohort | 362 women | 1 month | Infant HIV transmission |
| – | Shah 2006 [43] | 2000–2003 | India | Retrospective cohort | 470 mother–child pairs | 18 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| – | Succi 2007 [44] | 2000, 2001 | Brazil | Cross-sectional (retrospective chart review) | 2924 children | 15 months | Infant HIV transmission |
| – | Unger 2014 [48] | 2000–2005 | Kenya | Prospective cohort | 501 women | 12 months | Maternal mortality |