Table 4.

Meta-analytic results for other infant health outcomes, comparing modes of delivery.

	ECS versus vaginal delivery				ECS versus all other modes of delivery
	No. of studies	No. of participants	OR (95% CI)	I2	No. of studies	No. of participants	OR (95% CI)	I2
Observational studies
Respiratory distress syndrome	2 [32, 33]	2056	2.77 (1.58–4.88)	0	2 [32, 33]	2637	1.43 (0.94–2.18)	0
Respiratory distress syndrome, LMICs onlya	1 [32]	1078	2.73 (1.24–5.98)	–	1 [32]	1443	1.48 (0.83–2.63)	–
Transient tachypnea of the newborn	2 [32, 33]	2056	3.17 (0.79–12.76)	74.39	2 [32, 33]	2637	1.73 (1.09–2.74)	0
Transient tachypnea of the newborn, LMICs onlya	1 [32]	1078	7.10 (2.09–24.12)	–	1 [32]	1443	1.73 (0.91–3.27)	–

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ECS, elective c-section; LMIC, low-income/middle-income countries.

^aCountries classified as lower income, lower-middle, or upper-middle income by the World Bank.