Table 1.
Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of study participants shown as mean±SD or median (25th–75th percentile) according to quartiles of serum uromodulin
| Characteristic | Uromodulin, ng/ml | P Valuea | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <103 | 103–146 | 146–199 | ≥199 | ||
| N | 765 | 765 | 763 | 764 | |
| Age, yr | 65.4±10.6 | 63.6±10.3 | 62.0±10.2 | 59.6±10.4 | <0.001 |
| Sex, % men | 71.2 | 71.7 | 71.6 | 64.4 | 0.003 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.7±4.28 | 27.7±3.95 | 27.7±4.25 | 26.9±3.84 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 144±24.5 | 141±23.4 | 141±23.9 | 138±22.0 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 80.7±11.7 | 80.8±11.0 | 81.5±11.9 | 81.0±10.8 | 0.51 |
| LDL-C, mg/dl | 113±33.5 | 116±33.5 | 117±33.3 | 120.0±36.3 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 36.5±10.5 | 38.2±10.7 | 38.7±11.0 | 41.2±10.6 | <0.001 |
| TG, mg/dl | 156 (120–219) | 147 (113–201) | 147 (107–200) | 135 (101–181) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 106 (95.9–129) | 103 (93.7–122) | 102 (93.7–116) | 99.2 (91.6–110) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.55±1.44 | 6.42±1.34 | 6.23±1.12 | 6.07±0.99 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.43 (1.48–4.09) | 2.22 (1.39–3.99) | 2.20 (1.37–3.54) | 1.82 (1.56–2.91) | <0.001 |
| hsCRP, mg/dl | 5.06 (1.87–10.7) | 3.68 (1.44–9.04) | 2.92 (1.22–7.35) | 2.34 (1.05–6.54) | <0.001 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dl | 402 (342–476) | 374 (318–458) | 372 (319–440) | 359 (310–428) | <0.001 |
| Galectin-3, mg/L | 17.4 (13.4–22.2) | 14.8 (11.5–18.2) | 13.8 (10.7–16.8) | 12.9 (10.3–15.8) | <0.001 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 618 (201–1772) | 289 (108–845) | 261 (100–678) | 184 (81–530) | <0.001 |
| Renin, pg/ml | 23.0 (12.0–54.0) | 19.0 (10.0–42.0) | 17.0 (9.00–37.0) | 17.0 (9.00–36.0) | <0.001 |
| Aldosterone, ng/L | 77.0 (47.0–127) | 73.0 (46.0–120) | 76.0 (47.0–115) | 79.0 (47.0–122) | 0.18 |
| Uric acid, mg/dl | 5.6 (4.4–7.0) | 5.0 (4.1–6.0) | 4.8 (3.9–5.8) | 4.3 (3.5–5.1) | <0.001 |
| PTH, pg/ml | 33 (24–46.8) | 29 (22–40) | 29 (21–37) | 26 (20–35) | <0.001 |
| 25OH vitamin D , μg/L | 16.3±9.63 | 17.5±10.9 | 18.0±8.97 | 18.3±9.01 | <0.001 |
| 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D, ng/L | 30.7±14.3 | 34.8±12.9 | 36.2±13.5 | 38.5±14.1 | <0.001 |
| β-Trace protein, mg/L | 0.62 (0.49–0.84) | 0.55 (0.44–0.69) | 0.52 (0.41–0.63) | 0.52 (0.43–0.61) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | <0.001 |
| Cystatin C, mg/L | 1.07 (0.89–1.38) | 0.93 (0.82–1.06) | 0.89 (0.79–1.01) | 0.84 (0.77–0.94) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 69.1±23.6 | 81.5±18.0 | 85.8±16.3 | 90.7±15.2 | <0.001 |
| CAD, % | 83.9 | 80.8 | 76.7 | 70 | <0.001 |
| Heart failure, % | 45.5 | 33.1 | 29.4 | 24.3 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 49.3 | 44.6 | 37.5 | 28.5 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 77.6 | 75.8 | 70.8 | 66.1 | <0.001 |
| Smoking (active/ex/never), % | 22.7/44.4/32.8 | 23.3/43.1/33.6 | 21.5/40.5/38.0 | 25.3/36.3/38.5 | 0.01 |
| ACE inhibitors, % | 62.4 | 56.2 | 49.9 | 44.2 | <0.001 |
| Diuretics, % | 44.7 | 31.5 | 23.3 | 14.8 | <0.001 |
| Calcium antagonists, % | 19.5 | 15.8 | 14.8 | 12.8 | 0.004 |
| AT2 receptor blocker, % | 6.41 | 4.71 | 4.06 | 3.14 | 0.02 |
| β-Blocker, % | 60.8 | 64.7 | 64.9 | 63 | 0.31 |
| Lipid-lowering therapy, % | 47.8 | 49.7 | 51.6 | 46.2 | 0.17 |
LDL-C, LDL cholesterol; HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance; PTH, parathyroid hormone; 25OH vitamin D, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; AT2, angiotensin II.
a
ANOVA (non-normally distributed variables were log transformed before entering analyses) or chi-squared test; a P value of 0.001 would be regarded as significant after Bonferroni correction for 35 tests.