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. 2017 Feb 20;36(26):3749–3759. doi: 10.1038/onc.2017.1

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Decreased MIF expression associated with bevacizumab-resistant glioblastoma. (a) Microarray analysis of U87-Bev^R relative to U87-Bev^S (n=3/group) was performed to assess tumor-secreted factors known to influence macrophages, with only two changes being statistically significant (*raw P<0.001): upregulated CCL2 and downgregulated MIF. (b) qPCR revealed reduced CCL2 and MIF transcript (P<0.05 each), while (c) Immunoblotting revealed reduced CCL2 and MIF protein in U87-Bev^R xenografts (n=5) compared to U87-Bev^S intracranial xenografts (n=5). (d) Immuoblotting revealed reduced MIF in bevacizumab-resistant patient glioblastomas (n=4) compared to bevacizumab-naive patient glioblastomas (n=4).