Figure 1.

A new framework to characterize the current American mother–infant dyad. This figure illustrates the importance of distinguishing among feeding at the breast, pumping, and providing pumped human milk (Felice & Rasmussen, 2015). (a) How mothers and infants currently may be categorized when nothing is fed aside from human milk and/or infant formula (i.e., before the introduction of solids or other milks) and without considering pumped milk that is mixed with solids or cases where infants are fed human milk that was not provided by their biological mother. (b) How current terminology fits within this triangular framework of current practices for producing and feeding human milk. This figure is reprinted with permission from Breastfeeding Medicine