Table 3.

Indicators of right ventricle pathology

Episodes of syncope

> 1000 ventricular extra-systoles (or > 500 non-RV outflow tract) per 24 h; ventricular tachyarrhythmias; Q waves in precordial leads; augmented QRS duration

≥ 3 abnormal signal averaged electrocardiography parameters

Delayed gadolinium enhancement; RV ejection fraction < 45%, or wall motion abnormalities at CMRI; impaired RV strain imaging

Attenuated blood pressure response during exercise

Dilatation of RV outflow tract

The table shows the indicators of right ventricle pathology (ARVC vs athlete’s heart). CMRI: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; RV: Right ventricle; ARVC: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.