Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients in the ICS and non-ICS groups
| Characteristic | ICS group | Non-ICS group | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | ||
| All patients | 10,219 | 63.3 | 5930 | 36.7 | |
| Gender (% male) | 5346 | 52.3 | 3200 | 54.0 | 0.043 a |
| Age | |||||
| 40–49 years | 778 | 7.6 | 329 | 5.5 | <0.0001 b |
| 50–59 years | 1977 | 19.3 | 1063 | 17.9 | |
| 60–69 years | 3389 | 33.2 | 1979 | 33.4 | |
| 70–79 years | 2848 | 27.9 | 1819 | 30.7 | |
| 80–89 years | 1149 | 11.2 | 708 | 11.9 | |
| >90 years | 78 | 0.8 | 32 | 0.5 | |
| Year of diagnosis | |||||
| 2005 | 601 | 77.4 | 175 | 22.6 | <0.0001 b |
| 2006 | 1332 | 76.6 | 408 | 23.4 | |
| 2007 | 1309 | 75.0 | 437 | 25.0 | |
| 2008 | 1300 | 72.1 | 503 | 27.9 | |
| 2009 | 1241 | 67.0 | 610 | 33.0 | |
| 2010 | 1105 | 61.0 | 707 | 39.0 | |
| 2011 | 1051 | 56.3 | 815 | 43.7 | |
| 2012 | 922 | 54.5 | 771 | 45.5 | |
| 2013 | 704 | 48.4 | 750 | 51.6 | |
| 2014 | 527 | 46.2 | 613 | 53.8 | |
| 2015 | 127 | 47.4 | 141 | 52.6 | |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Asthma | |||||
| Historic | 331 | 3.2 | 162 | 2.7 | 0.0709 |
| Concurrent | 3568 | 34.9 | 730 | 12.3 | <0.0001 |
| Stroke | 311 | 3.0 | 195 | 3.3 | 0.389 |
| MI | 651 | 6.4 | 445 | 7.5 | 0.006 |
| Diabetes | 936 | 9.2 | 565 | 9.5 | 0.437 |
| Osteoporosis/osteopenia | 723 | 7.1 | 457 | 7.7 | 0.137 |
| Eosinophilia | 2514 | 24.6 | 1386 | 23.4 | 0.079 |
| Pneumonia | 360 | 3.5 | 193 | 3.3 | 0.366 |
| Smoking (current or ex)c | 8229 | 80.5 | 5112 | 86.2 | <0.0001 |
| BMI | |||||
| Missing | 55 | 0.5 | 44 | 0.7 | 0.9995 |
| Underweight | 379 | 3.7 | 235 | 4.0 | |
| Normal | 3360 | 32.9 | 1936 | 32.6 | |
| Overweight | 3640 | 35.6 | 2081 | 35.1 | |
| Obese | 2785 | 27.3 | 1634 | 27.6 | |
| FEV1% predicted | |||||
| 80–100% (GOLD 1) | 3433 | 33.6 | 1871 | 31.6 | 0.0077 |
| 50–80% (GOLD 2) | 6786 | 66.4 | 4059 | 68.4 | |
| Moderate exacerbationsd | 157 | 1.5 | 52 | 0.9 | 0.0004 |
| Region | |||||
| North East | 194 | 1.9 | 173 | 2.9 | <0.0001 |
| North West | 1525 | 14.9 | 865 | 14.6 | |
| Yorkshire and The Humber | 284 | 2.8 | 118 | 2.0 | |
| East Midlands | 273 | 2.7 | 76 | 1.3 | |
| West Midlands | 932 | 9.1 | 500 | 8.4 | |
| East of England | 700 | 6.8 | 329 | 5.5 | |
| South West | 901 | 8.8 | 409 | 6.9 | |
| South Central | 986 | 9.6 | 601 | 10.1 | |
| London | 980 | 9.6 | 483 | 8.1 | |
| South East Coast | 1005 | 9.8 | 508 | 8.6 | |
| Northern Ireland | 539 | 5.3 | 328 | 5.5 | |
| Scotland | 770 | 7.5 | 750 | 12.6 | |
| Wales | 1130 | 11.1 | 790 | 13.3 | |
BMI body mass index, FEV 1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, GOLD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, MI myocardial infarction
Bold values indicate statistical significance
a Chi-squared test
b Cochran Armitage test for trend
c Ex-smoker and current smoker were pooled due to limitations in CPRD for distinguishing between these two groups
d In the year prior to COPD diagnosis (the index date)