Table 2.
Latent growth-curve modelinga showing associations between immune parameter outcomes and time (linear and quadratic) post-combination antiretroviral therapy (post-cART) initiation in HIV+ individuals (n = 20).
| Immune parameter outcome | b (SE) | 95% CI | Wald χ2 | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activated/adaptive-like NK cells | ||||
| NK cell (% CD69+) | χ2(1) = 9.1 | 0.003 | ||
| Linear | −0.12 (0.04) | −0.21; −0.04 | ||
| Quadratic | – | – | – | – |
| NK cell (% HLA DR+/CD38+) | – | – | χ2(1) = 2.3c | 0.129 |
| Linear | −0.05 (0.03) | −0.11; 0.01 | – | – |
| Quadratic | – | – | – | – |
| CD56dim FcRγ− NK cells | χ2(1) = 2.5 | 0.115 | ||
| Linear | −0.22 (0.14) | −0.50; 0.05 | – | – |
| Quadratic | – | – | – | – |
| T cell activation | ||||
| CD4+ T cell (% HLA DR+/CD38+) | – | – | χ2(2) = 32.5b | <0.001 |
| Linear | −0.23 (0.05) | −0.34; −0.13 | – | – |
| Quadratic | 0.004 (0.002) | 0.0004; 0.01 | – | – |
| CD8+ T cell (% HLA DR+/CD38+) | – | – | χ2(2) = 68.1 | <0.001 |
| Linear | −1.08 (0.16) | −1.38; −0.77 | – | – |
| Quadratic | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.01; 0.04 | – | – |
| Monocyte subsets | ||||
| % Classical monocytes | χ2(2) = 28.5 | <0.001 | ||
| Linear | 1.49 (0.39) | 0.72; 2.26 | – | – |
| Quadratic | −0.07 (0.03) | −0.13; −0.01 | ||
| % Intermediate monocytes | χ2(2) = 61.2 | <0.001 | ||
| Linear | −0.78 (0.11) | −1.00; −0.56 | – | – |
| Quadratic | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.02; 0.05 | – | – |
| % Non-classical monocytes | χ2(1) = 10.9 | 0.001 | ||
| Linear | −0.30 (0.09) | −0.48; −0.12 | – | – |
| Quadratic | – | – | – | – |
Table shows regression coefficient (b), SE, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), Wald tests (Wald χ2) and probability value (p-value).
aLatent growth-curve modeling specifying a random intercept (baseline marker level) and coefficient (linear time) and unstructured covariance terms for random effects.
bIntercept and slope covariance term not able to be computed for this model.
cRandom intercept model only—random coefficient model did not converge.
Note: Where a quadratic coefficient is not shown for an outcome, nested likelihood ratio tests did not reject the null hypothesis that the functional form of time on cART was linear.