Table 1.
Comparison of baseline variables in participants according to onset of renal function decline
| Renal function decline | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Yes (n = 119) | No (n = 582) | p | |
| Established kidney disease risk factors | ||||
| Sex (men), n (%) | 701 | 51 (43%) | 302 (52%) | 0.059 |
| Age, years | 701 | 68.8 ± 3.7 | 67.0 ± 4.1 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 701 | 135 ± 17 | 132 ± 15 | 0.064 |
| eGFR, ml−1 min−1 (1.73 m)−2 | 701 | 80.2 ± 9.5 | 87.2 ± 10.4 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes durationa, years | 694 | 6.9 ± 1.0 | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 0.002 |
| ACR, n (%) | 701 | |||
| ≤ 0.5 mg/mmol | 81 (68%) | 422 (73%) | ||
| 0.6–1.5 mg/mmol | 24 (20%) | 106 (18%) | 0.159 | |
| 1.6–2.5 mg/mmol | 11 (9%) | 38 (7%) | ||
| 2.6–3.5 mg/mmol | 4 (3%) | 15 (3%) | ||
| HbA1c (DCCT%) | 701 | 7.6 ± 1.2 | 7.3 ± 1.1 | 0.003 |
| HbA1c (IFCC mmol/mol) | 60 ± 9.5 | 56 ± 9.3 | ||
| Smoking, n (%) | 701 | |||
| Never | 47 (39%) | 239 (41%) | ||
| Former | 55 (46%) | 264 (45%) | 0.607 | |
| Current | 18 (15%) | 78 (13%) | ||
| Medications, n (%) | 699 | |||
| ACE/ARB | 83 (70%) | 347 (60%) | 0.043 | |
| Antiplatelets | 699 | 73 (61%) | 372 (64%) | 0.564 |
| Statins | 699 | 99 (83%) | 468 (81%) | 0.525 |
| Prevalent microvascular disease | 685 | |||
| Retinopathy, n (%) | ||||
| None | 78 (66%) | 412 (73%) | ||
| Mild | 37 (31%) | 142 (25%) | 0.256 | |
| Moderate/severe | 4 (3%) | 12 (2%) | ||
| Prevalent CVD | ||||
| CVD, n (%) | 701 | 47 (40%) | 163 (28%) | 0.016 |
| CVD risk factors | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 701 | 30.9 ± 5.5 | 31.3 ± 5.3 | 0.400 |
| DBP, mmHg | 701 | 69 ± 9 | 70 ± 9 | 0.384 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 690 | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 0.727 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/l | 690 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.739 |
| Cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio | 689 | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 0.686 |
| CRPa, mg/l | 683 | 2.2 ± 3.4 | 1.7 ± 3.2 | 0.069 |
| Subclinical markers of CVD | ||||
| cIMT (year 1), mm | 613 | 1.00 ± 0.10 | 0.98 ± 0.17 | 0.572 |
| PWV (year 1), mm/s | 583 | 9.8 ± 2.3 | 9.2 ± 2.1 | 0.013 |
| ABI | 681 | 0.96 ± 0.18 | 1.00 ± 0.15 | 0.013 |
| Biochemical markers of CVD | ||||
| NT-proBNPa, ng/l | 688 | 82.9 ± 2.8 | 58.7 ± 2.9 | 0.001 |
| hsTnTa, ng/l | 695 | 9.8 ± 1.7 | 8.4 ± 1.6 | 0.001 |
Data presented are mean ± SD for continuous variables
aGeometric mean ± SD
ANOVA for continuous variables; χ 2 for categorical variables
ARB, angiotensin-receptor blocker